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[Music]

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There are countries where people of books

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have dreams.

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[Music]

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1942

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resistance throughout Europe acquires

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a real weight in the face of the Nazi occupier

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but everywhere there are differences

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ideological remain between the

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struggle movements and weaken

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their

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action in France de Gaulle sends Jean

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Mill coordinate the many networks

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who bring together men from all over

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the political horizons to which

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added the communists after the invasion

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of the

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Russia with the labor service

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obligatory the ST the maquis see their

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makes many young people gain weight

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who refuse to work

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Germany. The workforce is estimated at 140,000

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total of

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[Music]

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makizards. In Polne, two currents

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polarize the resistance. One is

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controlled by Stalin, the other claims to

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from the Polish government in exile to

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London.

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[Music]

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In Greece, supporters lead against

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the Germans fought savagely

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repressed. Of the division between

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communists and the others will be born after

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liberation a long civil war.

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In Yoslavia, two movements resist

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and confront each other. The monarchists

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led by the colonel of the Serbian army

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Michailovic holds Serbia

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Western. Croatian Joseph Bros says

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Tito groups around the communists the

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supporters of a federative Republic.

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He controls southern Serbia.

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Both are armed by the

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English which will decide later in

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favor of Tito.

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[Music]

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In the Soviet Union, at the end of 1941,

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3,500 groups of supporters came

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organized.

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Their action aims first to paralyze or

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to slow down communications

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[Music]

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Germans. A single path line

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iron, that of Orel, knows 6000

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explosions during the year. The battle of

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rail becomes a worry for the Germans

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growing.

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It prohibits their convoy from speeding

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averages above 8 or 10

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km/h. Furthermore, harassment by

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the partisans at first isolated and punctual

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becomes the object of vast operations

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organized and provided with management

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particular.

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During the operation concert by

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example, 170 brigades and thousands of

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makizars disorganize the rear of the

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troops

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Germans. The German command is

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forced to organize a staff

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anti-terrorism special

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deprives the front of 24

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divisions. Out of 16 million

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Yugoslavs, 1700000 will die in the

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combat or punitive operations

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led by the

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Germans. One in 7 Greeks will find

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died during the occupation of his

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[Music]

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country. In France, Jean-Paul writes to

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about the resistance fighters "I know that there

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some who say they died for a little

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things." To this we must respond,

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is that they were on the side of

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life. They liked things too

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insignificant than a song or a

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smile. You can hold one in your hand

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bee until it suffocates. She

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will not suffocate without having stung you.

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It's not much, but if it doesn't tell you

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didn't sting, it's been a long time since

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would have more bees. With these 3500

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men, the Vercor maqui is so

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important that he is nicknamed the little

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Republic. When 20,000 soldiers

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Germans are responsible for cleaning it, it

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massacre the population of the hamlets,

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shoot the fighters they take

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or hang them, sometimes after having

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gouged out the eyes and tore off the

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[Music]

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language. In the only village of Vacieu,

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there are 148 corpses.

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It is estimated that there are 24,000

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French Makisards killed in

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fight. Spring 1942. The offensive

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of Hitler in the Case reached most

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of its objectives. Exhilarated by this

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new victory, the fury repeats its

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error of 1941 and decides to divide its

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troops. Commanded by the general

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Paulous, an army group is launched

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towards the Caspian Sea and must take

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Stalingrade and cross the Volga.

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On August 19, 210,000 German soldiers,

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2700 cannons and 600 tanks are launched

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the assault of

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[Music]

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Stalingrade. The long city

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spreads out with its suburbs over nearly

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45 km. The Soviet defense is

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fragmented but it receives reinforcements

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and manages to destroy many tanks

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of the 14th Pancer division whose advance

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is delayed by militia fighting

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in the suburbs.

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Stalingrade is entirely

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mobilized. Those who cannot

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fight are evacuated. Those who do not

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do not want to fight are executed.

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The city neighborhoods that bombs

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destroyed become the

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ambush combat theater. Of

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handful of men hold their position

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day after day. Sometimes for two

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month, Russian soldiers transform

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the neighborhoods of the city in focus of

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resistance and each pile of ruin in

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fortress or trench.

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[Music]

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Oh. The riflemen hide in the

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sewers. Snipers lie in ambush

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wherever they can.

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Mine-carrying dogs are launched

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against the

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Germans. Some fights take place

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the weapon

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[Music]

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white. On October 2, Hitler proclaimed

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that the capture of Stalingrad is for

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psychological reasons for a necessity

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urgent and it is necessary to deprive the

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communism from its holy place.

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On October 21, Pos reported to Berlin a

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regrouping of Soviet armies

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northeast of the Volga and fears a

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offensive

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winters. Hitler describes this

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hypothesis of stupidity.

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[Music]

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love it

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grouping reported by Paulous exists

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well and truly.

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While waiting for them to allow

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Soviet generals to launch their

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counter-attack, it already offers

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besieged of Stalingrad the possibility of

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replace their death at night

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standby. The enormous human reserve of

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the Soviet Union begins producing

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its effects. Fresh divisions

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arrive from Siberia.

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[Music]

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and

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The Soviet command is preparing its

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offensive since September.

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By mid-November, the troops

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necessary have been gathered. They are

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more than twice as numerous

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to their opponent and

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arrangement as efficient as the

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[Music]

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his. The Red Army will pass without

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transition from defense to

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counterattack. On November 19,

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the offensive is launched. The artillery and

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Russian aviation supports the troops

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of shock. In one day, the defense

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German is pressed. In 5 days,

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the Red Army advances 120 km.

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The Paolous army is caught between two

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pliers. 3 days after the start of

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fights, Parlous proposes to fight in

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retirement. Hitler refuses and tells him

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the order to wait on site for arrival

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Fun Munstein troops. The 23rd

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November, Parlous telegraphs Hitler.

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Recent ruptures in our front are

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to fear. By abandoning Stalin, I

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weighed again to make a break towards

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the southwest. Hitler maintains his

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orders. We said too much

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dragged into this region and he adds:

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"There is now at the head of

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Germany a man who does not know

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only one principle: to win. To overcome,

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defeat

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[Music]

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At the beginning of December, the Russians block

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the advance of Fenstein and make their

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junction encircling Stalinade.

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once Paulous refuses to surrender

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in accordance with the orders received. The 30th

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January

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1943rd anniversary of the capture of

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power by Hitler, the fury names

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parlous

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marshal. On February 2, after a

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new Russian offensive, Paulous

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capitulates.

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[Music]

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175,000 German soldiers died

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in front of Stalingrad. 91,000 were made

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prisoners. 15 years later, only

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5000 of them will have found

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[Music]

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[Music]

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Germany. L

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[Music]

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my

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[Music]

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L

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1943, the Russians accelerate the

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turnaround in the military situation.

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In July in Coursk, a battle of 2

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weeks pits 2 million men against each other,

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4000 armored vehicles and 400 planes. For the

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Germans, it's a bin Stalin proclaims

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: "Talengrade marks the decline of

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the Nazi army."

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Race that disaster announces

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[Music]

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final.

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1943 in Munich, a group of students

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anti-Nazi led by Hans and Sophie Schol

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publish the White Rose letters.

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After Stalinad, they call the

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officers to break with Hitler. The 19th

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February, they organize a

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demonstration in Munich. Denounced,

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arrested, tortured. Hans and Sophie Schol

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will be beheaded with an ax on the 22nd

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February. Hans was 25, his sister

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Sophia 22.

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[Music]

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In Warsaw, the Germans walled up the

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Jews in a ghetto created in 1940.

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400,000 people cut off from the world and

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hungry constitute a real

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cemetery of

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alive. The Germans extract

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regularly from the getto of the convoys which

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leave for labor camps or

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for the camps

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[Music]

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of extermination. On April 19, the order

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is given by Himler to liquidate the

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getto from Warsaw. Home of

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pestilence. 10,000 SS are assigned to

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this

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operation. The youth of the ghetto takes

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the trees. The rebels hold 4

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weeks. 56,000 of them perish

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in these fights. The soul of revolt,

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Mordeka Yanilevic is a 24 year old boy

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years old who will perish in the battles in which he

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had defined the meaning thus. We don't

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let's not fight for life, but for

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price of living. Not to avoid death,

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but to choose our way of

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die. June 14, 1943, after having

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conquered North Africa, the allies

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disembark in Lampedusa, Pantelleria and

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Linoza.

286
00:16:15,199 --> 00:16:18,880
They now hold all the islands

287
00:16:16,639 --> 00:16:20,759
between Tunisia and Sicily where they

288
00:16:18,880 --> 00:16:22,520
are preparing to disembark while Hitler

289
00:16:20,759 --> 00:16:26,549
waiting for them

290
00:16:22,520 --> 00:16:26,549
[Music]

291
00:16:28,079 --> 00:16:33,399
Sardinia. On July 10, the allies

292
00:16:30,600 --> 00:16:37,880
launch 160,000 soldiers against Sicily.

293
00:16:33,399 --> 00:16:37,880
face of 230,000 men including 40,000

294
00:16:42,090 --> 00:16:48,829
[Music]

295
00:16:50,720 --> 00:16:55,279
Germans. At the same time as Palermo is

296
00:16:52,839 --> 00:16:56,959
taken, Rom is bombed.

297
00:16:55,279 --> 00:17:00,000
Churchill and Roosevelt appeal

298
00:16:56,959 --> 00:17:03,120
to Italy so that it overthrows the

299
00:17:00,000 --> 00:17:05,559
fascism. On July 24, Mussolini is

300
00:17:03,120 --> 00:17:07,199
arrested and Marshal Badolio is charged

301
00:17:05,559 --> 00:17:09,559
by the king to form a government of

302
00:17:07,199 --> 00:17:13,240
generals and civil servants. The 28th

303
00:17:09,559 --> 00:17:13,240
July, the fascist party is

304
00:17:17,520 --> 00:17:21,799
dissolved. Marshal Badolio signs a

305
00:17:19,799 --> 00:17:23,760
armistice with the allies despite its

306
00:17:21,799 --> 00:17:26,120
promises to Hitler.

307
00:17:23,760 --> 00:17:29,360
The fury reacts immediately and sends

308
00:17:26,120 --> 00:17:29,360
new troops heading towards

309
00:17:31,320 --> 00:17:35,640
Rome. She masters very quickly

310
00:17:33,360 --> 00:17:39,720
the Italian army. King El Maréchal

311
00:17:35,640 --> 00:17:39,720
Badolio takes refuge in Brindisia.

312
00:17:41,510 --> 00:17:44,660
[Music]

313
00:17:49,600 --> 00:17:53,760
September 12, Mussolini, prisoner

314
00:17:51,880 --> 00:17:55,559
in the thickets, is removed by a

315
00:17:53,760 --> 00:17:57,559
German commando led by Colonel

316
00:17:55,559 --> 00:17:58,790
SS Scorzeni in conditions

317
00:17:57,559 --> 00:18:01,829
extremely

318
00:17:58,790 --> 00:18:01,829
[Music]

319
00:18:11,080 --> 00:18:14,919
perilous. The Doutche is on board

320
00:18:13,039 --> 00:18:17,240
in a tiny plane taking off from a

321
00:18:14,919 --> 00:18:18,930
land full of rocks. Deposited in Rome,

322
00:18:17,240 --> 00:18:21,120
he is immediately led to

323
00:18:18,930 --> 00:18:23,919
[Music]

324
00:18:21,120 --> 00:18:26,559
Vienna. September 14

325
00:18:23,919 --> 00:18:29,600
1943, Mussolini meets Hitler in

326
00:18:26,559 --> 00:18:31,000
Munich. The shower is amazing. He

327
00:18:29,600 --> 00:18:34,840
will say to one of his relatives:

328
00:18:31,000 --> 00:18:34,840
“Consider me dead.

329
00:18:42,960 --> 00:18:46,039
Gbbels notes in his diary that he

330
00:18:44,559 --> 00:18:50,000
looks absent and seems not to

331
00:18:46,039 --> 00:18:50,000
be interested in what is said to him.

332
00:19:12,559 --> 00:19:17,039
springenolini returned to Italy proclaims

333
00:19:15,200 --> 00:19:18,840
the Italian Social Republic named

334
00:19:17,039 --> 00:19:21,080
Republic of Salot named after the city

335
00:19:18,840 --> 00:19:23,320
where the Dutch was established and nicknamed

336
00:19:21,080 --> 00:19:25,559
by the Italians the republican

337
00:19:23,320 --> 00:19:27,080
little Republic. She didn't score any

338
00:19:25,559 --> 00:19:29,480
minus the bloodiest period of the

339
00:19:27,080 --> 00:19:29,480
fascism

340
00:19:30,760 --> 00:19:35,000
Italian. Mussolini has Veron executed

341
00:19:33,440 --> 00:19:37,240
members of the fascist grand council

342
00:19:35,000 --> 00:19:39,240
who criticized him. Among them, his most

343
00:19:37,240 --> 00:19:41,320
old companion, General de Bonau and

344
00:19:39,240 --> 00:19:45,400
his own son-in-law, Count Ciano,

345
00:19:41,320 --> 00:19:45,400
former foreign minister.

346
00:19:46,120 --> 00:19:50,840
1943, September 8, 5th Army

347
00:19:49,080 --> 00:19:51,919
Anglo-American lands in the Gulf

348
00:19:50,840 --> 00:19:54,080
of

349
00:19:51,919 --> 00:19:56,000
Salerno. The operation was almost a

350
00:19:54,080 --> 00:19:58,240
disaster in the words of General Clark

351
00:19:56,000 --> 00:19:59,720
who ordered it. However, the allies

352
00:19:58,240 --> 00:20:02,000
barely manage to gain a foothold

353
00:19:59,720 --> 00:20:02,000
on the

354
00:20:06,640 --> 00:20:12,559
ribs. September 16, after arrival

355
00:20:09,400 --> 00:20:14,640
numerous reinforcements, Saler regrets. 3

356
00:20:12,559 --> 00:20:19,159
weeks later, having lost 12,000

357
00:20:14,640 --> 00:20:19,159
men, allies enter Apple.

358
00:20:19,240 --> 00:20:23,240
January 1944, in their march on Rome,

359
00:20:22,000 --> 00:20:25,640
the allies fall in line

360
00:20:23,240 --> 00:20:27,799
Gustave. Monte Cassino, monastery

361
00:20:25,640 --> 00:20:29,559
founded by Saint-Benoît, was constituted

362
00:20:27,799 --> 00:20:31,039
in fortress and controls the way

363
00:20:29,559 --> 00:20:34,039
access to the north chosen by the

364
00:20:31,039 --> 00:20:34,039
allies.

365
00:20:38,780 --> 00:20:42,000
[Music]

366
00:20:59,159 --> 00:21:03,159
With 21 divisions, the allies are trampling

367
00:21:01,760 --> 00:21:04,559
in front of the 14 German divisions

368
00:21:03,159 --> 00:21:07,440
grouped together at

369
00:21:04,559 --> 00:21:08,559
Casino. Under the orders of General June,

370
00:21:07,440 --> 00:21:09,840
North African riflemen

371
00:21:08,559 --> 00:21:13,120
manage to reach the heights of

372
00:21:09,840 --> 00:21:14,240
monteder to the northeast of the monastery. The

373
00:21:13,120 --> 00:21:16,000
positions they occupy are

374
00:21:14,240 --> 00:21:18,919
abandoned then resumed up to 12

375
00:21:16,000 --> 00:21:20,440
times in a row. On February 11, they

376
00:21:18,919 --> 00:21:22,799
must retreat after having suffered

377
00:21:20,440 --> 00:21:25,080
heavy

378
00:21:22,799 --> 00:21:29,320
losses. Hitler gave his troops

379
00:21:25,080 --> 00:21:29,320
the order to hold with hatred

380
00:21:31,360 --> 00:21:35,200
sacred. In February, the allies decide

381
00:21:33,720 --> 00:21:38,080
to bomb the monastery that they

382
00:21:35,200 --> 00:21:41,370
fail to learn. In 2 days,

383
00:21:38,080 --> 00:21:45,900
250 heavy bombings are carried out.

384
00:21:41,370 --> 00:21:45,900
[Applause]

385
00:21:55,560 --> 00:21:59,500
[Music]

386
00:22:04,330 --> 00:22:12,320
[Music]

387
00:22:10,960 --> 00:22:14,559
Offensive following the bombings

388
00:22:12,320 --> 00:22:16,159
fail. In the ruins of the monastery,

389
00:22:14,559 --> 00:22:18,679
the Germans organize the same type of

390
00:22:16,159 --> 00:22:20,880
defense than the Russians at Stalingrad.

391
00:22:18,679 --> 00:22:23,400
In the middle, the Moroccan riflemen,

392
00:22:20,880 --> 00:22:24,760
Tunisians and Algerians of General June

393
00:22:23,400 --> 00:22:25,760
manage to carve a breach in

394
00:22:24,760 --> 00:22:28,859
the strengths

395
00:22:25,760 --> 00:22:28,859
[Music]

396
00:22:30,990 --> 00:22:34,760
[Music]

397
00:22:32,799 --> 00:22:36,200
Germans. 5 days later, the

398
00:22:34,760 --> 00:22:38,600
allies finally hold the monastery

399
00:22:36,200 --> 00:22:41,520
that they had to conquer meter by meter,

400
00:22:38,600 --> 00:22:43,720
building by building.

401
00:22:41,520 --> 00:22:44,670
10,000 Germans were killed, 20,000 are

402
00:22:43,720 --> 00:22:47,819
done

403
00:22:44,670 --> 00:22:47,819
[Music]

404
00:22:48,200 --> 00:22:52,159
prisoners. The road to Rome is

405
00:22:50,120 --> 00:22:53,840
open and each of the allies argues

406
00:22:52,159 --> 00:22:55,400
the privilege of entering before others

407
00:22:53,840 --> 00:22:58,080
in the capital

408
00:22:55,400 --> 00:23:00,200
Italian. June 4 is a soldier

409
00:22:58,080 --> 00:23:03,000
black american who penetrates first

410
00:23:00,200 --> 00:23:05,080
in Rome. 18,000 of his compatriots

411
00:23:03,000 --> 00:23:09,679
died on Italian soil, as well as

412
00:23:05,080 --> 00:23:09,679
14,000 English and 10,000 French.

413
00:23:20,090 --> 00:23:25,259
[Music]

414
00:23:39,400 --> 00:23:42,640
Since I send the flower of the Germans

415
00:23:41,000 --> 00:23:44,679
in the steel storm of war,

416
00:23:42,640 --> 00:23:46,159
wrote Hitler, why should I not

417
00:23:44,679 --> 00:23:47,440
no right to exterminate millions

418
00:23:46,159 --> 00:23:49,400
of beings belonging to a race

419
00:23:47,440 --> 00:23:52,120
inferior and which reproduce as

420
00:23:49,400 --> 00:23:52,120
vermin

421
00:23:53,200 --> 00:23:58,320
? All Jews in Europe must be

422
00:23:56,320 --> 00:24:00,559
deported. Those who are valid will be

423
00:23:58,320 --> 00:24:03,559
reduced to slavery. The others will be

424
00:24:00,559 --> 00:24:03,559
eliminated.

425
00:24:04,240 --> 00:24:07,600
German officials use

426
00:24:05,960 --> 00:24:09,559
trucks whose exhaust gases

427
00:24:07,600 --> 00:24:11,520
used to suffocate the Jews. Three of

428
00:24:09,559 --> 00:24:15,360
these trucks allow the elimination of

429
00:24:11,520 --> 00:24:15,360
97,000 people in a few

430
00:24:20,000 --> 00:24:24,120
month. The method is technically

431
00:24:22,400 --> 00:24:26,360
improved in

432
00:24:24,120 --> 00:24:29,200
1942. Three gas chambers allow

433
00:24:26,360 --> 00:24:31,080
to execute 200 people per session. To

434
00:24:29,200 --> 00:24:34,159
15 Morlente camps are added

435
00:24:31,080 --> 00:24:39,520
new instant mordite camps.

436
00:24:34,159 --> 00:24:39,520
Chelmno, Belzek, Sobibor,

437
00:24:39,840 --> 00:24:42,840
Treblinka. At Schwitz and Maidanec

438
00:24:41,880 --> 00:24:45,960
open neighborhoods

439
00:24:42,840 --> 00:24:45,960
[Music]

440
00:24:46,440 --> 00:24:51,279
of extermination. Radio

441
00:24:48,960 --> 00:24:55,000
Paris, Radio

442
00:24:51,279 --> 00:24:57,720
Paris, Radio Paris is German.

443
00:24:55,000 --> 00:24:59,279
April 20, 1944, Marshal Pétin

444
00:24:57,720 --> 00:25:01,440
makes his first visit to Paris

445
00:24:59,279 --> 00:25:03,320
since the defeat. Here is a document from

446
00:25:01,440 --> 00:25:05,159
the era which has since remained unprecedented

447
00:25:03,320 --> 00:25:08,240
presents this event hailed by more than

448
00:25:05,159 --> 00:25:10,000
500,000 people. The head of state, in

449
00:25:08,240 --> 00:25:12,480
thus desiring to place himself in the middle of

450
00:25:10,000 --> 00:25:14,080
those who suffer, wanted to stigmatize

451
00:25:12,480 --> 00:25:15,720
solemnly the savagery of

452
00:25:14,080 --> 00:25:18,120
bombings

453
00:25:15,720 --> 00:25:21,600
terrorists. The poignant minute of

454
00:25:18,120 --> 00:25:21,600
bell ringing for the dead.

455
00:25:27,250 --> 00:25:37,029
[Music]

456
00:25:39,799 --> 00:25:42,679
Collaboration with the Germans

457
00:25:41,399 --> 00:25:44,399
integral part of the doctrine

458
00:25:42,679 --> 00:25:45,919
official. This is how she is

459
00:25:44,399 --> 00:25:47,799
presented.

460
00:25:45,919 --> 00:25:51,120
Will you understand the spirituality of

461
00:25:47,799 --> 00:25:53,640
French Legion? Doesn't she know our

462
00:25:51,120 --> 00:25:55,960
youth only if it does not fight the

463
00:25:53,640 --> 00:25:58,679
young people of Europe who donate blood to

464
00:25:55,960 --> 00:26:03,039
flow on the Eastern Front will only have

465
00:25:58,679 --> 00:26:05,279
contempt for her. Be 20 years old, live in

466
00:26:03,039 --> 00:26:08,320
the greatest era in history

467
00:26:05,279 --> 00:26:11,000
human and make the zazou physically

468
00:26:08,320 --> 00:26:13,880
and morally. What decay and

469
00:26:11,000 --> 00:26:13,880
what a decline

470
00:26:15,440 --> 00:26:19,840
! June 28

471
00:26:17,679 --> 00:26:21,279
1944, Philippe Henriot, secretary

472
00:26:19,840 --> 00:26:24,279
state information in the cabinet

473
00:26:21,279 --> 00:26:26,600
la Valle, was shot down by a group of

474
00:26:24,279 --> 00:26:28,440
resistant. June 16

475
00:26:26,600 --> 00:26:30,360
1944, the Germans shot

476
00:26:28,440 --> 00:26:33,760
the world famous historian Mark

477
00:26:30,360 --> 00:26:36,200
Block. Jewish, Mark Block said: "I

478
00:26:33,760 --> 00:26:39,600
do not draw from this condition either pride or

479
00:26:36,200 --> 00:26:41,840
shame." Resisting, he wrote: “I drank

480
00:26:39,600 --> 00:26:44,120
at the sources of French culture.

481
00:26:41,840 --> 00:26:46,640
I made his past my own and I

482
00:26:44,120 --> 00:26:49,000
tried to defend her as best I could.

483
00:26:46,640 --> 00:26:51,240
Facing the firing squad, a boy

484
00:26:49,000 --> 00:26:53,120
16 years old, also sentenced to death,

485
00:26:51,240 --> 00:26:55,720
asks Marc Block, "It's going to hurt,

486
00:26:53,120 --> 00:26:58,240
sir?" Block shakes his arm and

487
00:26:55,720 --> 00:27:00,990
replied: “But no, that doesn’t make

488
00:26:58,240 --> 00:27:04,200
bad.

489
00:27:00,990 --> 00:27:04,200
[Music]

490
00:27:10,670 --> 00:27:18,840
[Music]

491
00:27:17,159 --> 00:27:20,600
The imminence of an Allied landing on

492
00:27:18,840 --> 00:27:22,520
the coasts of France became a

493
00:27:20,600 --> 00:27:24,120
obviously. Hitler leaning towards

494
00:27:22,520 --> 00:27:25,840
Normandy, its high command for the

495
00:27:24,120 --> 00:27:27,880
no Calais. Under the command of

496
00:27:25,840 --> 00:27:30,080
General Eisenower, the allies chose

497
00:27:27,880 --> 00:27:32,760
Normandy defended by a device

498
00:27:30,080 --> 00:27:35,600
incomplete, the wall of

499
00:27:32,760 --> 00:27:40,640
the Atlantic. June 6, the landing

500
00:27:35,600 --> 00:27:40,640
called Operation Overlord is launched.

501
00:27:42,080 --> 00:27:55,299
[Music]

502
00:27:58,600 --> 00:28:02,760
More than 200,000 allied soldiers

503
00:28:00,519 --> 00:28:04,679
disembark. Canadians, Americans,

504
00:28:02,760 --> 00:28:07,039
English and French, they have for

505
00:28:04,679 --> 00:28:08,679
mission to hold the French coast in order

506
00:28:07,039 --> 00:28:11,000
to enable the restoration of a

507
00:28:08,679 --> 00:28:13,279
large port where the 4 can disembark

508
00:28:11,000 --> 00:28:17,279
millions of men massed in

509
00:28:13,279 --> 00:28:17,279
England. Okay.

510
00:28:18,000 --> 00:28:24,999
[Music]

511
00:28:39,280 --> 00:28:42,920
[Laughs]

512
00:29:03,930 --> 00:29:10,039
[Music]

513
00:29:14,210 --> 00:29:18,700
[Music]

514
00:29:20,600 --> 00:29:24,720
Faced with allied forces, Romel does not have

515
00:29:22,760 --> 00:29:26,200
on June 6 only seven divisions.

516
00:29:24,720 --> 00:29:28,039
Changing his mind and believing that

517
00:29:26,200 --> 00:29:29,960
Operation Overlord is a maneuver of

518
00:29:28,039 --> 00:29:31,840
diversion of energy to prepare a

519
00:29:29,960 --> 00:29:33,640
landing in the Pas de Calais,

520
00:29:31,840 --> 00:29:36,279
Hitler refuses to send reinforcements

521
00:29:33,640 --> 00:29:39,120
Normandy. On the evening of June 6, the front

522
00:29:36,279 --> 00:29:41,360
German is pierced over 50 km. Allies

523
00:29:39,120 --> 00:29:43,440
lost 11,000 men, but nearly

524
00:29:41,360 --> 00:29:46,519
200,000 of their soldiers took a foothold in

525
00:29:43,440 --> 00:29:49,000
Normandy. August 15, 1944, the troops

526
00:29:46,519 --> 00:29:50,880
Americans and French arrive in

527
00:29:49,000 --> 00:29:52,159
Provence. After an operation

528
00:29:50,880 --> 00:29:54,360
bombing and dropping of

529
00:29:52,159 --> 00:29:56,440
paratroopers, the 400,000 soldiers

530
00:29:54,360 --> 00:29:59,640
move forward easily. They only lose

531
00:29:56,440 --> 00:30:03,240
320 men. In a few weeks, Toulon

532
00:29:59,640 --> 00:30:03,240
and Marseille are liberated.

533
00:30:03,750 --> 00:30:06,900
[Music]

534
00:30:16,070 --> 00:30:35,220
[Music]

535
00:30:35,679 --> 00:30:39,919
The German 7th Army is surrounded

536
00:30:37,760 --> 00:30:41,799
Cliff. Hitler, came to Soisson

537
00:30:39,919 --> 00:30:44,440
meet his generals, gives them

538
00:30:41,799 --> 00:30:45,640
as instructions to stay where they are.

539
00:30:44,440 --> 00:30:48,159
But the Quamp Avranche line is

540
00:30:45,640 --> 00:30:50,360
pressed by the allies. In Normandy,

541
00:30:48,159 --> 00:30:52,840
Hitler lost 500,000 men including

542
00:30:50,360 --> 00:30:52,840
half his

543
00:31:00,640 --> 00:31:03,709
[Music]

544
00:31:07,930 --> 00:31:11,049
[Music]

545
00:31:14,480 --> 00:31:20,000
prisoner. July 20, 1944, in the neighborhood

546
00:31:18,039 --> 00:31:22,320
Hitler's general, a bomb placed under

547
00:31:20,000 --> 00:31:24,519
a table explodes. The fury comes out

548
00:31:22,320 --> 00:31:26,919
with burst eardrums, two scratches

549
00:31:24,519 --> 00:31:28,840
and tattered pants. The colonel

550
00:31:26,919 --> 00:31:30,519
Count von Staufenberg who placed the

551
00:31:28,840 --> 00:31:33,760
bomb is a campaign hero

552
00:31:30,519 --> 00:31:35,279
from Africa. He is 37 years old. He will be hanged on

553
00:31:33,760 --> 00:31:37,720
August 8 with

554
00:31:35,279 --> 00:31:39,240
separades. Hitler gave orders to

555
00:31:37,720 --> 00:31:40,559
prolong their agony for the longest time

556
00:31:39,240 --> 00:31:42,960
possible.

557
00:31:40,559 --> 00:31:44,600
Their execution is filmed. The same evening,

558
00:31:42,960 --> 00:31:47,240
we project the film to the fury that

559
00:31:44,600 --> 00:31:49,200
watch until the end. For months,

560
00:31:47,240 --> 00:31:52,120
the families of the conspirators are hunted down and

561
00:31:49,200 --> 00:31:55,559
executed. Marshal Romel compromised and

562
00:31:52,120 --> 00:31:55,559
forced to commit suicide to save his

563
00:31:57,240 --> 00:32:01,760
family. Since July 14, 1944,

564
00:32:00,519 --> 00:32:04,240
Paris is experiencing more and more

565
00:32:01,760 --> 00:32:06,919
demonstrations of resistance. The 10th

566
00:32:04,240 --> 00:32:08,799
August, the tramps go on strike.

567
00:32:06,919 --> 00:32:11,080
August 15 is about the police

568
00:32:08,799 --> 00:32:12,639
then metro employees. 35 young people

569
00:32:11,080 --> 00:32:14,880
resistance fighters are massacred at the waterfall

570
00:32:12,639 --> 00:32:16,440
from the Bois de Boulogne. On the 19th, the

571
00:32:14,880 --> 00:32:20,080
police headquarters is occupied by the

572
00:32:16,440 --> 00:32:22,080
FFI. The barricades are

573
00:32:20,080 --> 00:32:23,360
multiply. Wine is the hotel of

574
00:32:22,080 --> 00:32:25,679
city which is occupied by the forces of

575
00:32:23,360 --> 00:32:28,360
resistance. The unions are calling for

576
00:32:25,679 --> 00:32:29,919
mobilization. On the 22nd, the FFI

577
00:32:28,360 --> 00:32:32,300
intensify their attacks but the

578
00:32:29,919 --> 00:32:33,720
Germans hold their position.

579
00:32:32,300 --> 00:32:35,799
[Music]

580
00:32:33,720 --> 00:32:37,519
On August 23, General Lecler gave the

581
00:32:35,799 --> 00:32:40,320
second armored division the order of

582
00:32:37,519 --> 00:32:41,720
march on the capital. The next day,

583
00:32:40,320 --> 00:32:42,440
the first of his tanks crosses the

584
00:32:41,720 --> 00:32:45,159
door

585
00:32:42,440 --> 00:32:47,679
from Orleans. On the 25th, the German general

586
00:32:45,159 --> 00:32:50,960
Fonchitz surrenders. He did not obey

587
00:32:47,679 --> 00:32:50,960
Hitler's order to destroy the

588
00:32:53,639 --> 00:32:57,240
capital. Shortly after the reissue

589
00:32:55,519 --> 00:32:59,000
German, General de Gaulle makes his

590
00:32:57,240 --> 00:33:02,000
entered Paris and returned to the hotel

591
00:32:59,000 --> 00:33:02,000
city.

592
00:33:21,679 --> 00:33:28,320
Paris Paris

593
00:33:24,000 --> 00:33:32,000
outraged, broken Paris, Paris

594
00:33:28,320 --> 00:33:32,000
martyred, but Paris

595
00:33:32,039 --> 00:33:40,559
liberated, liberated by himself, liberated by

596
00:33:36,519 --> 00:33:44,480
his people with the help, the armies

597
00:33:40,559 --> 00:33:48,080
of France with the support and assistance

598
00:33:44,480 --> 00:33:51,159
of the whole of France, that is to say

599
00:33:48,080 --> 00:33:54,760
of France which is fighting, that is to say

600
00:33:51,159 --> 00:33:57,519
of France alone, of the true France,

601
00:33:54,760 --> 00:33:59,320
of eternal France.

602
00:33:57,519 --> 00:34:01,679
This France which fought, it was

603
00:33:59,320 --> 00:34:03,399
the Armenian worker Missac Manouchian who

604
00:34:01,679 --> 00:34:05,679
with other immigrants who like him

605
00:34:03,399 --> 00:34:09,159
carried out sabotage actions was shot

606
00:34:05,679 --> 00:34:09,159
in Paris on February 21

607
00:34:10,800 --> 00:34:14,560
1944. This was the journalist and

608
00:34:12,760 --> 00:34:15,960
academic Pierre Brosselette,

609
00:34:14,560 --> 00:34:18,240
political advisor to the general of

610
00:34:15,960 --> 00:34:20,119
Gaulle, who threw himself from the 5th floor of

611
00:34:18,240 --> 00:34:25,240
the Guestapo building so as not to

612
00:34:20,119 --> 00:34:25,240
risk speaking on March 22, 1944.

613
00:34:26,000 --> 00:34:30,599
This was the count Antoine de Saintxupéri,

614
00:34:28,200 --> 00:34:32,760
writer and aviator who, although he

615
00:34:30,599 --> 00:34:34,679
exceeded the age limit, had insisted on

616
00:34:32,760 --> 00:34:36,879
join the French forces and

617
00:34:34,679 --> 00:34:38,770
who disappeared in the Mediterranean on the 31st

618
00:34:36,879 --> 00:34:47,949
July 1944.

619
00:34:38,770 --> 00:34:47,949
[Music]

620
00:34:58,240 --> 00:35:02,720
September

621
00:34:59,680 --> 00:35:04,880
1944, Brussels and Lièges are liberated.

622
00:35:02,720 --> 00:35:07,240
Les alliés sont à Ex la Chapelle. Fin

623
00:35:04,880 --> 00:35:09,560
1944, la population civile deutsche est

624
00:35:07,240 --> 00:35:11,720
organized in a vast military force, la

625
00:35:09,560 --> 00:35:13,680
folkstorm, chargée aussi bien de la

626
00:35:11,720 --> 00:35:16,920
defense que des travaux civils. Les

627
00:35:13,680 --> 00:35:21,040
leaders nazis Gbê loin de désarmé

628
00:35:16,920 --> 00:35:21,040
appeal à la mobilization totale.

629
00:35:31,090 --> 00:35:34,209
[Music]

630
00:35:35,920 --> 00:35:44,390
go into this fight as if you were going into one

631
00:35:42,320 --> 00:35:45,560
Church service and who they are theirs

632
00:35:44,390 --> 00:35:49,720
[Applause]

633
00:35:45,560 --> 00:35:53,480
rumbled and their armored vehicles best

634
00:35:49,720 --> 00:35:55,680
then they only have their slain ones

635
00:35:53,480 --> 00:35:59,400
children and

636
00:35:55,680 --> 00:36:03,480
frightened before eyes and a carpenter

637
00:35:59,400 --> 00:36:06,480
Recommend RD from their Ken, in front of which the

638
00:36:03,480 --> 00:36:06,480
Enemypale

639
00:36:09,599 --> 00:36:13,319
will

640
00:36:11,319 --> 00:36:16,319
like that

641
00:36:13,319 --> 00:36:20,720
He has a crisis

642
00:36:16,319 --> 00:36:23,240
they are firmly convinced of this.

643
00:36:20,720 --> 00:36:25,280
The day before yesterday he told me I believe so

644
00:36:23,240 --> 00:36:27,920
firmly believe that we will overcome this crisis

645
00:36:25,280 --> 00:36:29,599
can be overcome and I believe so strongly

646
00:36:27,920 --> 00:36:31,880
remember that when we get our new one

647
00:36:29,599 --> 00:36:34,359
Throw in offensive armies that we

648
00:36:31,880 --> 00:36:36,960
strike the enemy and chase them back

649
00:36:34,359 --> 00:36:39,520
and I believe so strongly that we will

650
00:36:36,960 --> 00:36:42,610
one day claim victory

651
00:36:39,520 --> 00:36:42,610
[Music]

652
00:36:44,440 --> 00:36:50,119
our lau militaire, Hitler mise

653
00:36:47,680 --> 00:36:51,960
surmes nouvell.

654
00:36:50,119 --> 00:36:55,400
The aircraft response is not a prototype

655
00:36:51,960 --> 00:36:58,359
exists since 1939 can fly 900 km at

656
00:36:55,400 --> 00:37:00,599
hour and climb to 11,000 m in 3

657
00:36:58,359 --> 00:37:04,400
minutes. At the start of the war, Hitler

658
00:37:00,599 --> 00:37:06,119
didn't believe it. In 1944, he ordered

659
00:37:04,400 --> 00:37:08,319
to make it in

660
00:37:06,119 --> 00:37:09,640
series. But the reaction planes do not

661
00:37:08,319 --> 00:37:11,520
will not be built big enough

662
00:37:09,640 --> 00:37:13,640
number and Hitler will refuse to

663
00:37:11,520 --> 00:37:15,119
use as a hunter while

664
00:37:13,640 --> 00:37:17,880
such aircraft could have ensured the

665
00:37:15,119 --> 00:37:17,880
protection of cities

666
00:37:18,000 --> 00:37:22,359
Germans. Another miracle weapon which must

667
00:37:20,200 --> 00:37:24,440
save Germany, the V1

668
00:37:22,359 --> 00:37:27,119
Fergelungswaffer Heines literally

669
00:37:24,440 --> 00:37:29,880
retaliatory weapon 1, bomber without

670
00:37:27,119 --> 00:37:32,480
pilot who can fly at an altitude of 900 m

671
00:37:29,880 --> 00:37:32,480
and at 600

672
00:37:41,359 --> 00:37:47,800
km/h. The V2 hits its targets at

673
00:37:44,720 --> 00:37:50,520
1500 km per hour. German scientists

674
00:37:47,800 --> 00:37:53,319
are studying an improved version. A

675
00:37:50,520 --> 00:37:56,319
85-ton rocket projectile which can

676
00:37:53,319 --> 00:37:56,319
to be loaded with matter

677
00:38:17,319 --> 00:38:20,760
toxic. During the disembarkation of

678
00:38:19,359 --> 00:38:22,920
allies in Normandy, this news

679
00:38:20,760 --> 00:38:25,359
weapons, but particularly the V1, are

680
00:38:22,920 --> 00:38:27,400
used to bomb London. In 3

681
00:38:25,359 --> 00:38:30,750
month, 7500 of them cause more than

682
00:38:27,400 --> 00:38:36,269
6,000 deaths and destroy 25,000 homes.

683
00:38:30,750 --> 00:38:36,269
[Music]

684
00:38:42,920 --> 00:38:47,200
December 16

685
00:38:44,319 --> 00:38:48,839
1944, Hitler launches in the Ardaes a

686
00:38:47,200 --> 00:38:50,880
counteroffensive supported by 2000

687
00:38:48,839 --> 00:38:52,319
bombers and fighters and bringing together

688
00:38:50,880 --> 00:38:54,480
new divisions named

689
00:38:52,319 --> 00:38:56,440
people's grenadiers. The SS division

690
00:38:54,480 --> 00:38:58,880
Adolf Hitler defeats an armored corps

691
00:38:56,440 --> 00:39:00,359
American. She massacres the wounded and

692
00:38:58,880 --> 00:39:02,280
the soldiers who surrender. The

693
00:39:00,359 --> 00:39:04,350
Germans make a breakthrough at Saint-Vit

694
00:39:02,280 --> 00:39:07,000
and surrounded Bastogne on the 21st

695
00:39:04,350 --> 00:39:09,560
[Music]

696
00:39:07,000 --> 00:39:11,560
December. At the end of December, aviation

697
00:39:09,560 --> 00:39:13,520
Allied and the armored vehicles of General Paton

698
00:39:11,560 --> 00:39:15,520
are heading towards Bastogne and breaking through

699
00:39:13,520 --> 00:39:18,040
lines

700
00:39:15,520 --> 00:39:20,280
Germans. On January 1, the city is

701
00:39:18,040 --> 00:39:21,599
delivered. The German action which put

702
00:39:20,280 --> 00:39:23,520
in great danger the flank of the troops

703
00:39:21,599 --> 00:39:26,200
Allies is stopped.

704
00:39:23,520 --> 00:39:28,480
The advance of Hitler's armies slowed

705
00:39:26,200 --> 00:39:30,760
due to lack of fuel was stopped at

706
00:39:28,480 --> 00:39:33,920
less than 500 m from an allied depot

707
00:39:30,760 --> 00:39:36,200
containing 12 million liters of

708
00:39:33,920 --> 00:39:39,520
fuel. The Battle of Bastogne

709
00:39:36,200 --> 00:39:41,920
cost the armies 4000 soldiers

710
00:39:39,520 --> 00:39:43,920
[Music]

711
00:39:41,920 --> 00:39:46,480
American. August

712
00:39:43,920 --> 00:39:48,800
1944, Himler decides on extermination

713
00:39:46,480 --> 00:39:51,640
total Zigan. Locked up in camps

714
00:39:48,800 --> 00:39:54,480
since 1942. This serves as a base for

715
00:39:51,640 --> 00:39:56,280
Nazi doctor. In 3 days, 4000 men,

716
00:39:54,480 --> 00:39:59,760
women and children of Zigan die in

717
00:39:56,280 --> 00:39:59,760
the gas chambers.

718
00:40:10,370 --> 00:40:13,440
[Music]

719
00:40:25,319 --> 00:40:28,960
November

720
00:40:26,400 --> 00:40:31,520
1943, Churchill and Roosevelt meet

721
00:40:28,960 --> 00:40:32,839
Changai Cheek in Egypt. He persuades him

722
00:40:31,520 --> 00:40:34,640
to launch an offensive against the

723
00:40:32,839 --> 00:40:36,640
Japanese and promise him the material

724
00:40:34,640 --> 00:40:38,240
necessary. But to convey this

725
00:40:36,640 --> 00:40:40,119
material by India, it is

726
00:40:38,240 --> 00:40:42,690
essential to retake the north of the

727
00:40:40,119 --> 00:40:46,690
Burma to Japanese.

728
00:40:42,690 --> 00:40:46,690
[Music]

729
00:40:53,300 --> 00:40:56,419
[Music]

730
00:41:18,490 --> 00:41:22,720
[Music]

731
00:41:20,520 --> 00:41:22,720
Oh.

732
00:41:24,450 --> 00:41:27,680
[Music]

733
00:41:30,319 --> 00:41:34,960
At the end of March 1944, the English pushed back

734
00:41:33,079 --> 00:41:37,880
the Japanese and continue their

735
00:41:34,960 --> 00:41:41,920
counteroffensive. Out of 84,000 men,

736
00:41:37,880 --> 00:41:41,920
Japanese lost 50,000.

737
00:41:43,640 --> 00:41:47,480
The Americans for their part are aiming

738
00:41:45,359 --> 00:41:48,839
reconquest of the islands of New Guinea.

739
00:41:47,480 --> 00:41:50,680
The conditions of the fight are

740
00:41:48,839 --> 00:41:53,079
terrible. The jungle is the most

741
00:41:50,680 --> 00:41:55,240
dense world. Malaria, tifus and

742
00:41:53,079 --> 00:41:56,960
dysentery ravages the troops. The

743
00:41:55,240 --> 00:41:59,040
swamps and shifting sands

744
00:41:56,960 --> 00:42:01,200
engulf. The Japanese mined the

745
00:41:59,040 --> 00:42:04,480
tracks, arranged traps to see from

746
00:42:01,200 --> 00:42:04,480
poisoned bamboo.

747
00:42:05,990 --> 00:42:09,230
[Music]

748
00:42:24,820 --> 00:42:30,679
[Music]

749
00:42:32,000 --> 00:42:36,079
It takes 5 months for Macarture to

750
00:42:33,599 --> 00:42:38,559
take back papoisie. But in December

751
00:42:36,079 --> 00:42:40,040
1943, it has the necessary bases

752
00:42:38,559 --> 00:42:42,520
to lead the offensive overall

753
00:42:40,040 --> 00:42:42,520
from the islands of

754
00:42:50,599 --> 00:42:55,920
Pacific. From 1942 to 1945, Germany

755
00:42:54,680 --> 00:42:57,720
undergoes an increasing number of

756
00:42:55,920 --> 00:42:59,200
bombings. Allied planes

757
00:42:57,720 --> 00:43:00,800
have more and more maneuverability

758
00:42:59,200 --> 00:43:02,800
bigger. Their range of action

759
00:43:00,800 --> 00:43:04,920
increase. Their weaponry and means

760
00:43:02,800 --> 00:43:07,640
communication skills are improving. Keep

761
00:43:04,920 --> 00:43:07,640
on the sun.

762
00:43:07,720 --> 00:43:13,800
Yes Roying. Anything there? Nothing

763
00:43:10,520 --> 00:43:15,920
below us, nothing on the left. Nothing

764
00:43:13,800 --> 00:43:18,280
on the right. Maybe they stay at home.

765
00:43:15,920 --> 00:43:21,760
Maybe the wall's over. Yeah, I made this

766
00:43:18,280 --> 00:43:21,760
be all

767
00:43:23,359 --> 00:43:26,559
the I

768
00:43:44,000 --> 00:43:47,319
see the first bombings

769
00:43:45,960 --> 00:43:48,839
systematics of Germany. Germany

770
00:43:47,319 --> 00:43:51,280
turns out to be disastrous in terms of

771
00:43:48,839 --> 00:43:53,559
military. Hitler's Hunt and DCA

772
00:43:51,280 --> 00:43:56,119
constitute a very strong shield. The

773
00:43:53,559 --> 00:43:58,079
Royal Air Force loses 1400 bombers in

774
00:43:56,119 --> 00:43:59,920
a single year without really having

775
00:43:58,079 --> 00:44:03,079
damaged arms factories or

776
00:43:59,920 --> 00:44:05,280
large industrial establishments

777
00:44:03,079 --> 00:44:07,480
Germans. By deliberately bombing

778
00:44:05,280 --> 00:44:09,359
civilian objectives to demoralize the

779
00:44:07,480 --> 00:44:11,119
population, the allies obtain

780
00:44:09,359 --> 00:44:13,240
the opposite of the psychological result

781
00:44:11,119 --> 00:44:15,079
expected. They unite the Germans

782
00:44:13,240 --> 00:44:17,640
around their leader and facilitates

783
00:44:15,079 --> 00:44:17,640
propaganda of

784
00:44:22,250 --> 00:44:25,349
[Music]

785
00:44:28,880 --> 00:44:34,359
Gbles. In 1945, the strategy of

786
00:44:32,280 --> 00:44:37,000
terror intensifies.

787
00:44:34,359 --> 00:44:39,040
On the evening of February 13, 1000 launchers

788
00:44:37,000 --> 00:44:40,880
Anglo-Canadians bomb the center of

789
00:44:39,040 --> 00:44:43,079
Dresd which is neither a center

790
00:44:40,880 --> 00:44:44,280
industrial of first importance, nor a

791
00:44:43,079 --> 00:44:46,599
strategic point

792
00:44:44,280 --> 00:44:48,680
primordial. A few hours later,

793
00:44:46,599 --> 00:44:51,200
a second wave executes an operation

794
00:44:48,680 --> 00:44:54,119
at night on civilian targets. The

795
00:44:51,200 --> 00:44:56,240
next day at noon, a third wave

796
00:44:54,119 --> 00:44:58,000
completes the destruction of the city.

797
00:44:56,240 --> 00:45:00,119
Nearly 800 planes drop bombs

798
00:44:58,000 --> 00:45:04,680
4 ton explosives and bombs

799
00:45:00,119 --> 00:45:04,680
400 kg phosphorus incendiaries.

800
00:45:19,720 --> 00:45:24,680
Before the bombing, DR to count

801
00:45:22,160 --> 00:45:27,480
600,000 inhabitants and accommodation for 400,000

802
00:45:24,680 --> 00:45:32,559
refugees. The number of deaths is estimated

803
00:45:27,480 --> 00:45:32,559
at least 135,000 and probably 250,000.

804
00:45:36,700 --> 00:45:51,269
[Music]

805
00:45:55,240 --> 00:45:59,319
More than 8 million civilians are

806
00:45:57,160 --> 00:46:00,920
across Germany. Regions

807
00:45:59,319 --> 00:46:02,240
whole are emptied and first those that

808
00:46:00,920 --> 00:46:04,760
threatens the advance of troops

809
00:46:02,240 --> 00:46:06,640
Soviets. Bands of SS pillage,

810
00:46:04,760 --> 00:46:09,800
kill, ransom along the paths of

811
00:46:06,640 --> 00:46:11,400
the exodus. Germany suffers its passion

812
00:46:09,800 --> 00:46:15,319
and its inhabitants flow along the

813
00:46:11,400 --> 00:46:15,319
roads of a Rich which should have lasted 1000

814
00:46:21,150 --> 00:46:29,800
[Music]

815
00:46:25,599 --> 00:46:31,440
years. February 1945, in Yalta, Stalin,

816
00:46:29,800 --> 00:46:33,440
strong from the advance of his troops,

817
00:46:31,440 --> 00:46:35,800
Roosevelt Malad and Churchill

818
00:46:33,440 --> 00:46:38,319
representing a diminished empire discuss

819
00:46:35,800 --> 00:46:39,400
the future restructuring of Europe.

820
00:46:38,319 --> 00:46:41,440
Stalin gets the biggest

821
00:46:39,400 --> 00:46:42,839
territorial and financial advantages in

822
00:46:41,440 --> 00:46:43,760
exchange of some promises of good

823
00:46:42,839 --> 00:46:45,800
driving

824
00:46:43,760 --> 00:46:47,200
democratic. The English parliaments and

825
00:46:45,800 --> 00:46:49,320
Americans severely criticize the

826
00:46:47,200 --> 00:46:53,659
Yalt agreements.

827
00:46:49,320 --> 00:46:53,659
[Music]

828
00:47:00,880 --> 00:47:04,640
March 7

829
00:47:02,040 --> 00:47:06,760
1945, Lieutenant Carl Timerman of the

830
00:47:04,640 --> 00:47:08,400
First United States Army crosses

831
00:47:06,760 --> 00:47:09,880
the kidney on a bridge miraculously

832
00:47:08,400 --> 00:47:12,920
intact almost

833
00:47:09,880 --> 00:47:14,480
Remagen. The Zigfried line is overwhelmed.

834
00:47:12,920 --> 00:47:16,760
8000 American soldiers pass

835
00:47:14,480 --> 00:47:19,119
river. General Paton's tanks are

836
00:47:16,760 --> 00:47:21,359
soon in Coblance. Those of Montgomerie

837
00:47:19,119 --> 00:47:23,400
are in the Munster plain. The 30th

838
00:47:21,359 --> 00:47:25,920
March, the first French army of

839
00:47:23,400 --> 00:47:25,920
general of

840
00:47:27,400 --> 00:47:31,520
the Eisenower hearth, careful to spare

841
00:47:29,800 --> 00:47:33,400
Stalin he needs to finish the

842
00:47:31,520 --> 00:47:34,839
war in the Pacific, recalls that

843
00:47:33,400 --> 00:47:37,440
of these troops who were already marching on

844
00:47:34,839 --> 00:47:40,080
Berlin and decides that the line formed by

845
00:47:37,440 --> 00:47:45,400
the Elbe will mark the limit of their

846
00:47:40,080 --> 00:47:49,559
[Music]

847
00:47:45,400 --> 00:47:51,920
advanced. April 25 at 4 p.m., the 69th

848
00:47:49,559 --> 00:47:53,720
US Army Division and the 58th

849
00:47:51,920 --> 00:47:57,200
Ukrainian guard division font

850
00:47:53,720 --> 00:47:59,240
their junction on the Elbe 50 km from

851
00:47:57,200 --> 00:48:00,960
Lipsich. It was in vain that Churchill

852
00:47:59,240 --> 00:48:03,119
had wanted to shake hands

853
00:48:00,960 --> 00:48:06,119
Russians, yes, but the furthest east

854
00:48:03,119 --> 00:48:06,119
possible.

855
00:48:07,930 --> 00:48:11,010
[Music]

856
00:48:17,440 --> 00:48:22,079
April 1945, Hitler mobilizes his

857
00:48:20,200 --> 00:48:24,680
latest resources. The battalions of

858
00:48:22,079 --> 00:48:26,480
the folkstorm, a motley militia composed

859
00:48:24,680 --> 00:48:29,079
of men too old, too young or too

860
00:48:26,480 --> 00:48:31,280
sick for having been

861
00:48:29,079 --> 00:48:33,520
mobilized. Under the leadership of the head of

862
00:48:31,280 --> 00:48:35,520
police, the entire population is initiated

863
00:48:33,520 --> 00:48:38,079
to urban warfare, armed with weapons

864
00:48:35,520 --> 00:48:40,650
antichard les paners faust and organized

865
00:48:38,079 --> 00:48:43,880
militarily.

866
00:48:40,650 --> 00:48:43,880
[Music]

867
00:48:45,280 --> 00:48:51,839
Flying courts trained by the SS

868
00:48:47,440 --> 00:48:51,839
monitor the ardor of each person in battle.

869
00:48:53,420 --> 00:49:01,960
[Music]

870
00:49:00,720 --> 00:49:03,240
My dilemma was this,

871
00:49:01,960 --> 00:49:06,440
will tell one of the members of the

872
00:49:03,240 --> 00:49:09,040
folkstorm being shot by the SS or killed

873
00:49:06,440 --> 00:49:10,680
by the Russians. To take Berlin,

874
00:49:09,040 --> 00:49:12,760
Stalin gathered the means

875
00:49:10,680 --> 00:49:14,520
exceptional. 40,000 artillery pieces

876
00:49:12,760 --> 00:49:16,839
were gathered around Berlin to

877
00:49:14,520 --> 00:49:18,079
rate of 600 per kilometer. She pounds

878
00:49:16,839 --> 00:49:20,000
the city for 8 hours under the

879
00:49:18,079 --> 00:49:20,830
command of General Jukov who directs

880
00:49:20,000 --> 00:49:23,960
the Russian offensive.

881
00:49:20,830 --> 00:49:23,960
[Music]

882
00:49:47,740 --> 00:49:50,800
[Music]

883
00:49:52,400 --> 00:49:56,680
After the artillery preparation, the

884
00:49:54,400 --> 00:49:58,760
tanks begin their advance. She

885
00:49:56,680 --> 00:50:00,839
is done in tiny steps in the face of a

886
00:49:58,760 --> 00:50:03,400
furious resistance that must be eliminated

887
00:50:00,839 --> 00:50:04,960
pocket by pocket, section by section.

888
00:50:03,400 --> 00:50:06,599
For weeks, the fighting between

889
00:50:04,960 --> 00:50:08,839
Soviet assault detachments and

890
00:50:06,599 --> 00:50:11,520
folkstorm group have for stake

891
00:50:08,839 --> 00:50:14,319
a train station, a metro station or even

892
00:50:11,520 --> 00:50:14,319
a heap of ruin.

893
00:50:34,120 --> 00:50:37,850
[Music]

894
00:50:41,319 --> 00:50:44,070
Hitler is flooded so that he does not serve

895
00:50:43,359 --> 00:50:48,239
not in advance

896
00:50:44,070 --> 00:50:48,239
[Music]

897
00:50:50,200 --> 00:50:54,359
Russian. In the am of ruin that is

898
00:50:52,240 --> 00:50:55,920
became Berlin, the last Nazis

899
00:50:54,359 --> 00:50:58,799
yet organize ceremonies for

900
00:50:55,920 --> 00:50:58,799
their birthday

901
00:51:04,240 --> 00:51:10,880
fury. Our walls are broken but not

902
00:51:06,799 --> 00:51:10,880
our hearts proclaim this banner.

903
00:51:12,079 --> 00:51:17,160
Berlin, warrior city, salutes the fury,

904
00:51:14,680 --> 00:51:18,799
indicates another and a third

905
00:51:17,160 --> 00:51:23,150
takes up the rallying cry of the years

906
00:51:18,799 --> 00:51:35,960
glorious. Order to fury, we

907
00:51:23,150 --> 00:51:38,119
[Music]

908
00:51:35,960 --> 00:51:40,400
we will obey. On April 20, the troops of

909
00:51:38,119 --> 00:51:42,720
Berlin parade to celebrate the 56th

910
00:51:40,400 --> 00:51:44,240
birthday of Aolphe Hitler, master

911
00:51:42,720 --> 00:51:45,760
of a Germany of which two thirds of

912
00:51:44,240 --> 00:51:49,599
the capital are already in the hands of

913
00:51:45,760 --> 00:51:49,599
Soviets and defended by

914
00:51:54,400 --> 00:51:59,440
kids. To review the children

915
00:51:56,839 --> 00:52:01,599
enlisted in the folksturm, Hitler comes out

916
00:51:59,440 --> 00:52:02,920
for the last time from his bunker where

917
00:52:01,599 --> 00:52:04,400
he had abandoned himself for several

918
00:52:02,920 --> 00:52:06,000
weeks of imprecations against

919
00:52:04,400 --> 00:52:07,720
traitors and to an astrology of

920
00:52:06,000 --> 00:52:09,520
charlatan.

921
00:52:07,720 --> 00:52:10,839
This will also be his last appearance

922
00:52:09,520 --> 00:52:11,900
in front of the propaganda cameras

923
00:52:10,839 --> 00:52:15,309
of Asstaffle.

924
00:52:11,900 --> 00:52:15,309
[Music]

925
00:52:16,440 --> 00:52:20,440
Young Vilhelm Bouden has just been

926
00:52:18,160 --> 00:52:23,920
decorated with the Iron Cross. He tells

927
00:52:20,440 --> 00:52:25,640
his exploit to fury. Als der Russ an

928
00:52:23,920 --> 00:52:27,960
Laanrückte, habe ich mich dem

929
00:52:25,640 --> 00:52:30,799
Kampfkommandanten von Laubern freiwillig

930
00:52:27,960 --> 00:52:34,119
als Meller zur Verfügung gestellt. Meine

931
00:52:30,799 --> 00:52:35,500
Aufgabe darin Meldungen zu den zelnen

932
00:52:34,119 --> 00:52:39,219
kompaniechten.

933
00:52:35,500 --> 00:52:39,219
[Music]

934
00:52:41,480 --> 00:52:46,730
In the week that followed, 80% of its

935
00:52:43,920 --> 00:52:55,660
child soldiers were killed.

936
00:52:46,730 --> 00:52:58,870
[Music]

937
00:52:55,660 --> 00:52:58,870
[Applause]

938
00:53:06,880 --> 00:53:10,319
As if nothing had happened, a big

939
00:53:08,480 --> 00:53:13,960
concert marks the end of the celebration

940
00:53:10,319 --> 00:53:13,960
of Hitler's birthday.

941
00:53:14,119 --> 00:53:18,240
This concert had barely finished when the

942
00:53:16,640 --> 00:53:21,040
most of the high Nazi dignitaries, such as

943
00:53:18,240 --> 00:53:25,000
Himler, Ribentrop and Gering leave

944
00:53:21,040 --> 00:53:25,000
Berlin to take shelter.

945
00:53:26,280 --> 00:53:29,280
ale

946
00:53:56,120 --> 00:54:03,290
[Music]

947
00:54:05,330 --> 00:54:08,440
[Music]

948
00:54:10,680 --> 00:54:15,280
The two shots from the Berlin defenders

949
00:54:12,359 --> 00:54:15,280
died within a week.

950
00:54:23,240 --> 00:54:28,359
April 28, Benito Mussolini and his

951
00:54:25,880 --> 00:54:29,640
mistress Clara Petacchi are arrested

952
00:54:28,359 --> 00:54:31,839
near

953
00:54:29,640 --> 00:54:33,000
Comisans. They are executed after a

954
00:54:31,839 --> 00:54:34,799
trial

955
00:54:33,000 --> 00:54:37,240
summary. Their corpses are

956
00:54:34,799 --> 00:54:39,160
transported to Milan, hanged by the feet

957
00:54:37,240 --> 00:54:40,599
in a gas station where the crowd

958
00:54:39,160 --> 00:54:42,760
spit on them and throw them

959
00:54:40,599 --> 00:54:45,520
stones.

960
00:54:42,760 --> 00:54:47,520
April 29, Hitler learns of the end of his

961
00:54:45,520 --> 00:54:49,559
oldest ally.

962
00:54:47,520 --> 00:54:51,599
For several weeks, he has expressed his

963
00:54:49,559 --> 00:54:53,960
own fear of being exposed to the waters of

964
00:54:51,599 --> 00:54:56,040
Moscow or forced to appear in a

965
00:54:53,960 --> 00:54:58,920
show put on by the

966
00:54:56,040 --> 00:55:03,200
Jews. On the 30th, in the early hours of

967
00:54:58,920 --> 00:55:06,640
morning, he has a poison tried on his

968
00:55:03,200 --> 00:55:09,000
female dog. The same night, around 3:30 a.m., he

969
00:55:06,640 --> 00:55:10,799
killed with his companion Eva Brown

970
00:55:09,000 --> 00:55:13,359
that he was coming

971
00:55:10,799 --> 00:55:15,880
to marry. Admiral de Nitz preferred to

972
00:55:13,359 --> 00:55:18,000
Himler and Ging put away at the last moment

973
00:55:15,880 --> 00:55:19,760
among the traitors, takes over

974
00:55:18,000 --> 00:55:22,039
fury at the very moment when the troops

975
00:55:19,760 --> 00:55:23,640
Soviets seize the Reinsteag and

976
00:55:22,039 --> 00:55:26,200
plant their flag on the roof of this

977
00:55:23,640 --> 00:55:28,079
symbolic building, again in front of

978
00:55:26,200 --> 00:55:29,960
cameras whose images will go around

979
00:55:28,079 --> 00:55:32,960
of the world.

980
00:55:29,960 --> 00:55:32,960
It's

981
00:55:33,990 --> 00:55:39,520
[Music]

982
00:55:37,440 --> 00:55:41,880
serious

983
00:55:39,520 --> 00:55:45,320
[Music]

984
00:55:41,880 --> 00:55:49,960
cities of glory.

985
00:55:45,320 --> 00:55:52,039
[Music]

986
00:55:49,960 --> 00:55:53,440
For 24 hours, Gbels tried to obtain

987
00:55:52,039 --> 00:55:55,839
of the Russians signing a peace

988
00:55:53,440 --> 00:55:58,680
separated on the occasion, he says, of the party

989
00:55:55,839 --> 00:56:00,440
of May 1st common to our two countries.

990
00:55:58,680 --> 00:56:02,640
The failure of his attempt led him to

991
00:56:00,440 --> 00:56:05,599
suicide after he poisoned his

992
00:56:02,640 --> 00:56:05,599
woman and her six

993
00:56:06,340 --> 00:56:15,839
[Music]

994
00:56:11,720 --> 00:56:18,240
children. May 8, 1945 in Berlin,

995
00:56:15,839 --> 00:56:21,240
Marshal Kaitel signs the capitulation

996
00:56:18,240 --> 00:56:22,920
without condition of the very rarich. Since the

997
00:56:21,240 --> 00:56:25,240
May 4, the German armies located at

998
00:56:22,920 --> 00:56:26,640
west of the Elbe are surrendering en masse.

999
00:56:25,240 --> 00:56:28,039
The Americans, the English and

1000
00:56:26,640 --> 00:56:29,839
French people made 2 and a half million

1001
00:56:28,039 --> 00:56:32,520
prisoners.

1002
00:56:29,839 --> 00:56:35,559
Generals Montgomerie, Eisenwer, Jov

1003
00:56:32,520 --> 00:56:38,400
and Deâre pose for the photo of

1004
00:56:35,559 --> 00:56:40,000
winners. 4 days later, Churchill

1005
00:56:38,400 --> 00:56:42,650
speaks for the first time from the curtain of

1006
00:56:40,000 --> 00:56:44,680
iron that fell on

1007
00:56:42,650 --> 00:56:47,200
[Music]

1008
00:56:44,680 --> 00:56:49,079
Europe. Since April, Japan has been leading a

1009
00:56:47,200 --> 00:56:50,400
desperate fight.

1010
00:56:49,079 --> 00:56:52,240
It's time for

1011
00:56:50,400 --> 00:56:54,720
kamamicazes. With each offensive

1012
00:56:52,240 --> 00:56:56,520
air, one in two Japanese pilots has

1013
00:56:54,720 --> 00:56:59,640
on a mission to throw his plane against

1014
00:56:56,520 --> 00:57:01,880
his target and disappear with him.

1015
00:56:59,640 --> 00:57:03,440
All are volunteers. Their devices

1016
00:57:01,880 --> 00:57:06,680
don't have enough gas to get back to

1017
00:57:03,440 --> 00:57:08,599
their basis. On April 6, the top

1018
00:57:06,680 --> 00:57:10,480
Japanese command thus launches 700

1019
00:57:08,599 --> 00:57:13,010
aircraft on the forward naval base

1020
00:57:10,480 --> 00:57:25,840
Okinawan American.

1021
00:57:13,010 --> 00:57:25,840
[Music]

1022
00:58:44,319 --> 00:58:47,319
oho

1023
00:59:31,060 --> 00:59:34,190
[Music]

1024
00:59:35,079 --> 00:59:39,480
Massive Kamikaz attacks called

1025
00:59:37,760 --> 00:59:42,440
kikoussouille operation, that is to say

1026
00:59:39,480 --> 00:59:44,799
screaming floating represent in 3 months

1027
00:59:42,440 --> 00:59:47,559
3000 suicide attacks.

1028
00:59:44,799 --> 00:59:50,520
34 American ships were sunk

1029
00:59:47,559 --> 00:59:52,680
and 368 damaged. Rather, an assessment

1030
00:59:50,520 --> 00:59:54,200
weak for these operations but whose

1031
00:59:52,680 --> 00:59:55,839
psychological result is to make

1032
00:59:54,200 --> 00:59:57,680
Americans fear that their project

1033
00:59:55,839 --> 01:00:01,799
landing in Japan is not

1034
00:59:57,680 --> 01:00:01,799
transformed into a veritable hell.

1035
01:00:04,740 --> 01:00:08,880
[Music]

1036
01:00:06,079 --> 01:00:11,000
Suicide operations, atrocities

1037
01:00:08,880 --> 01:00:13,240
committed by the Japanese wherever they

1038
01:00:11,000 --> 01:00:15,520
are fighting, the existence of 2 million

1039
01:00:13,240 --> 01:00:17,000
Japanese soldiers under arms,

1040
01:00:15,520 --> 01:00:19,440
the government's arrest of

1041
01:00:17,000 --> 01:00:22,039
Tokyo of 400 personalities in favor of

1042
01:00:19,440 --> 01:00:24,160
peace, so many factors that weigh

1043
01:00:22,039 --> 01:00:26,599
in the American decision to launch

1044
01:00:24,160 --> 01:00:31,039
on Hiroshima on August 6

1045
01:00:26,599 --> 01:00:32,320
1945 B29 Inolagay bomber, armed with

1046
01:00:31,039 --> 01:00:51,159
the first atomic bomb.

1047
01:00:32,320 --> 01:00:51,159
[Music]

1048
01:00:53,119 --> 01:01:01,240
Ok. The bomb is dropped at 8:15. She

1049
01:00:56,079 --> 01:01:01,240
causes 71,000 deaths and 200,000 injuries.

1050
01:01:01,860 --> 01:01:07,920
[Music]

1051
01:01:09,720 --> 01:01:13,280
In the German Reich, the scale of

1052
01:01:11,480 --> 01:01:15,440
destruction is translated into numbers

1053
01:01:13,280 --> 01:01:18,280
almost abstract by dint of being

1054
01:01:15,440 --> 01:01:21,280
huge. Out of 16 million housing units, 5

1055
01:01:18,280 --> 01:01:23,640
millions were destroyed. 1300000

1056
01:01:21,280 --> 01:01:25,880
tons of bombs were dropped on the

1057
01:01:23,640 --> 01:01:27,680
country. If we regrouped the rubble

1058
01:01:25,880 --> 01:01:30,720
of Germany, it would represent a

1059
01:01:27,680 --> 01:01:32,200
volume of 400 million cubic meters.

1060
01:01:30,720 --> 01:01:35,559
More than 3 million soldiers are

1061
01:01:32,200 --> 01:01:38,240
dead. 300,000 civilians were killed. More

1062
01:01:35,559 --> 01:01:40,680
a million and a half have disappeared. Since

1063
01:01:38,240 --> 01:01:42,920
1939, one in 10 Germans found the

1064
01:01:40,680 --> 01:01:44,480
dead.

1065
01:01:42,920 --> 01:01:47,240
The ruins of Nuremberberg that you fly over

1066
01:01:44,480 --> 01:01:49,200
this plane were 10 years earlier the place

1067
01:01:47,240 --> 01:01:51,400
even of the triumphant parade of

1068
01:01:49,200 --> 01:01:53,200
Nazism. These walls resounded with

1069
01:01:51,400 --> 01:01:57,720
promise of an empire destined for one race

1070
01:01:53,200 --> 01:01:57,720
of lord and which was to last 1000

1071
01:02:06,240 --> 01:02:11,559
years. November 1945, it is precisely at

1072
01:02:09,960 --> 01:02:13,680
Nurinber in the city symbol of

1073
01:02:11,559 --> 01:02:16,000
Nazism that the allies install their

1074
01:02:13,680 --> 01:02:17,720
international tribunal charged with judging

1075
01:02:16,000 --> 01:02:20,960
war crimes and crimes

1076
01:02:17,720 --> 01:02:20,960
against humanity.

1077
01:02:28,480 --> 01:02:32,119
Hit magistrates representing the four

1078
01:02:30,200 --> 01:02:34,839
victorious country, the United States

1079
01:02:32,119 --> 01:02:36,640
of America, Great Britain, Union

1080
01:02:34,839 --> 01:02:43,000
of Soviet Socialist Republics and

1081
01:02:36,640 --> 01:02:47,480
France will hear and judge Herman

1082
01:02:43,000 --> 01:02:49,200
Gering, Alfred Rosenberg, Hans Frank,

1083
01:02:47,480 --> 01:02:53,000
Julius

1084
01:02:49,200 --> 01:02:54,400
Sticher, Joakim van Ribrop,

1085
01:02:53,000 --> 01:02:56,480
Philhelm

1086
01:02:54,400 --> 01:02:58,599
Kaitel Franz von

1087
01:02:56,480 --> 01:03:00,520
Pappen Alfred

1088
01:02:58,599 --> 01:03:03,720
Jodel Eric

1089
01:03:00,520 --> 01:03:06,359
Raider Fritz

1090
01:03:03,720 --> 01:03:08,880
Zackel Albert

1091
01:03:06,359 --> 01:03:12,000
Sper Rudolp

1092
01:03:08,880 --> 01:03:14,400
Hess Baldo von

1093
01:03:12,000 --> 01:03:16,720
Chirard Arthur

1094
01:03:14,400 --> 01:03:18,960
Scingart Vilhelm

1095
01:03:16,720 --> 01:03:22,200
Frick Walter

1096
01:03:18,960 --> 01:03:25,119
Funk Constantine

1097
01:03:22,200 --> 01:03:26,839
and five other scalton Broner and by

1098
01:03:25,119 --> 01:03:29,760
contumas Martin

1099
01:03:26,839 --> 01:03:33,279
Borman. The one accused responds to the

1100
01:03:29,760 --> 01:03:33,279
guilty or not question

1101
01:03:35,420 --> 01:03:38,570
[Music]

1102
01:03:36,640 --> 01:03:40,400
guilty. Hermann

1103
01:03:38,570 --> 01:03:43,960
[Music]

1104
01:03:40,400 --> 01:03:46,319
Gering not guilty.

1105
01:03:43,960 --> 01:03:51,039
Carl von Ribentrop no

1106
01:03:46,319 --> 01:03:51,039
guilty Philhem Kaitel no

1107
01:03:52,279 --> 01:03:56,200
guilty cheat no

1108
01:03:56,880 --> 01:04:01,640
guilty

1109
01:03:58,440 --> 01:04:01,640
Rudolph no

1110
01:04:05,039 --> 01:04:10,200
guilty not guilty of the massacre

1111
01:04:07,319 --> 01:04:12,760
d'oradour sur Glan, near Limoge that

1112
01:04:10,200 --> 01:04:14,720
Asraich's SS division invests on the 10th

1113
01:04:12,760 --> 01:04:16,920
June

1114
01:04:14,720 --> 01:04:19,960
1944, German soldiers search

1115
01:04:16,920 --> 01:04:21,559
houses, fires, gather

1116
01:04:19,960 --> 01:04:23,039
men in barns, women

1117
01:04:21,559 --> 01:04:26,079
and the children in

1118
01:04:23,039 --> 01:04:29,200
the church. 642 people are killed,

1119
01:04:26,079 --> 01:04:31,079
burned or asphyxiated. A child, a

1120
01:04:29,200 --> 01:04:33,280
woman and five men escape

1121
01:04:31,079 --> 01:04:36,809
massacre of their

1122
01:04:33,280 --> 01:04:36,809
[Music]

1123
01:04:37,160 --> 01:04:42,200
village. Not guilty of the massacre of

1124
01:04:39,440 --> 01:04:46,200
fake Ardeatine near Rome where the 23

1125
01:04:42,200 --> 01:04:48,520
March 1944 33 including women

1126
01:04:46,200 --> 01:04:50,119
and two 14 year old boys are taken

1127
01:04:48,520 --> 01:04:52,640
by the SS to the catacombs of the

1128
01:04:50,119 --> 01:04:54,839
Ardea road. Everyone gets a shot

1129
01:04:52,640 --> 01:04:56,839
gun to the back of his head. Then all are

1130
01:04:54,839 --> 01:04:59,010
buried, some of them still

1131
01:04:56,839 --> 01:05:09,279
alive.

1132
01:04:59,010 --> 01:05:11,319
[Music]

1133
01:05:09,279 --> 01:05:14,400
guilty of the gang massacre in the

1134
01:05:11,319 --> 01:05:17,160
Belgian Ardenes including 34 male inhabitants

1135
01:05:14,400 --> 01:05:20,720
aged 17 to 35 are slaughtered without

1136
01:05:17,160 --> 01:05:23,039
reason on December 24, 1944 by a group

1137
01:05:20,720 --> 01:05:24,119
SS commanded by German officers

1138
01:05:23,039 --> 01:05:26,400
and including elements

1139
01:05:24,119 --> 01:05:29,400
French, Belgian and

1140
01:05:26,400 --> 01:05:29,400
Swiss.

1141
01:05:29,960 --> 01:05:34,880
guilty of the Marzaboto massacres in

1142
01:05:31,880 --> 01:05:37,160
the region of Bologna where on September 29

1143
01:05:34,880 --> 01:05:39,160
1944 the German army which defeats

1144
01:05:37,160 --> 01:05:41,160
retreat before the allies decides to

1145
01:05:39,160 --> 01:05:43,160
raze the city as

1146
01:05:41,160 --> 01:05:45,599
retaliation. The number of victims

1147
01:05:43,160 --> 01:05:47,960
still remains uncertain today. He

1148
01:05:45,599 --> 01:05:50,559
amounts to more than 1000. In the only

1149
01:05:47,960 --> 01:05:52,799
town of Casalia, 28 refugee families

1150
01:05:50,559 --> 01:05:54,680
in the church were entirely

1151
01:05:52,799 --> 01:05:56,160
exterminated. Cases have been reported

1152
01:05:54,680 --> 01:05:57,760
children thrown alive into the flames

1153
01:05:56,160 --> 01:05:59,200
fires.

1154
01:05:57,760 --> 01:06:00,730
There have also been reported cases of

1155
01:05:59,200 --> 01:06:22,130
decapitated newborns.

1156
01:06:00,730 --> 01:06:22,130
[Music]

1157
01:06:27,599 --> 01:06:30,039
The United States presents the first

1158
01:06:28,960 --> 01:06:31,920
chief

1159
01:06:30,039 --> 01:06:33,960
of accusation. All the accused have

1160
01:06:31,920 --> 01:06:36,400
participated as an organizer or

1161
01:06:33,960 --> 01:06:38,760
as an accomplice to a plan hatched in

1162
01:06:36,400 --> 01:06:40,880
common and leading to a conspiracy

1163
01:06:38,760 --> 01:06:43,000
criminal. having the aim of

1164
01:06:40,880 --> 01:06:44,640
commit crimes against peace,

1165
01:06:43,000 --> 01:06:47,640
war crimes and crimes against

1166
01:06:44,640 --> 01:06:47,640
humanity.

1167
01:06:48,160 --> 01:06:52,839
Witness Hans Gazeg, to the official

1168
01:06:50,480 --> 01:06:54,279
of the Berlin administrative police

1169
01:06:52,839 --> 01:06:56,720
discusses the responsibilities in

1170
01:06:54,279 --> 01:06:58,319
the Richtag fire which Gering had

1171
01:06:56,720 --> 01:07:00,070
makes the pretext of the first waves of

1172
01:06:58,319 --> 01:07:04,159
anti-Semitic persecution.

1173
01:07:00,070 --> 01:07:04,159
[Music]

1174
01:07:15,039 --> 01:07:23,079
werden fallen

1175
01:07:17,400 --> 01:07:23,079
the fallen

1176
01:07:28,580 --> 01:07:32,340
[Music]

1177
01:07:34,400 --> 01:07:38,520
Amerika on behalf of Great Britain and

1178
01:07:37,200 --> 01:07:40,559
of Ireland

1179
01:07:38,520 --> 01:07:43,319
North, present the second leader

1180
01:07:40,559 --> 01:07:44,680
accusation, crimes against peace.

1181
01:07:43,319 --> 01:07:46,319
All the accused participated in

1182
01:07:44,680 --> 01:07:48,319
the development and triggering of

1183
01:07:46,319 --> 01:07:49,839
war of aggression and are guilty

1184
01:07:48,319 --> 01:07:51,520
of hostility contrary to the treaties

1185
01:07:49,839 --> 01:07:53,520
international and the commitments made

1186
01:07:51,520 --> 01:07:55,279
by their government.

1187
01:07:53,520 --> 01:07:57,160
After the occupation of Renadanie and

1188
01:07:55,279 --> 01:07:59,160
the annexation of Austria and

1189
01:07:57,160 --> 01:08:01,079
Czechoslovakia, Nazi defendants

1190
01:07:59,160 --> 01:08:03,200
are dedicated to the conquest of

1191
01:08:01,079 --> 01:08:05,359
Poland. The governor of Poland,

1192
01:08:03,200 --> 01:08:07,319
Franck, wrote in his diary

1193
01:08:05,359 --> 01:08:08,960
: "We must take advantage of what

1194
01:08:07,319 --> 01:08:11,440
general attention is focused on

1195
01:08:08,960 --> 01:08:14,119
the Western Front to continue the

1196
01:08:11,440 --> 01:08:16,480
policy of extermination of thousands of

1197
01:08:14,119 --> 01:08:19,159
Polish. 300,000 Jews from the ghetto are

1198
01:08:16,480 --> 01:08:21,670
deported in 10 weeks. Every day, a

1199
01:08:19,159 --> 01:08:28,679
new quota is set.

1200
01:08:21,670 --> 01:08:30,600
[Music]

1201
01:08:28,679 --> 01:08:32,960
Those who remain in the getau live

1202
01:08:30,600 --> 01:08:35,319
also the suburbs of death. The

1203
01:08:32,960 --> 01:08:37,520
Potato peels are a

1204
01:08:35,319 --> 01:08:40,480
treat. On a mortal crown

1205
01:08:37,520 --> 01:08:42,799
in an orphanage, a ribbon carries this

1206
01:08:40,480 --> 01:08:45,120
registration for starving children,

1207
01:08:42,799 --> 01:08:47,719
the children

1208
01:08:45,120 --> 01:08:50,080
hungry. 150,000 people suffer from

1209
01:08:47,719 --> 01:08:52,920
tifus. an illness which it highlights

1210
01:08:50,080 --> 01:08:55,560
average 14 days to

1211
01:08:52,920 --> 01:08:57,920
die. God says an anonymous prayer:

1212
01:08:55,560 --> 01:09:00,279
"Take away the name of man from me. Take away the

1213
01:08:57,920 --> 01:09:02,000
sight, make me stone, I don't want anymore

1214
01:09:00,279 --> 01:09:04,239
bear the name

1215
01:09:02,000 --> 01:09:07,040
of man." Despair also takes over

1216
01:09:04,239 --> 01:09:08,400
form of ironic blasphemy. Thanks to

1217
01:09:07,040 --> 01:09:10,719
God for making us your people

1218
01:09:08,400 --> 01:09:14,440
elected, but please, you could not

1219
01:09:10,719 --> 01:09:14,440
not choose another.

1220
01:09:15,630 --> 01:09:34,270
[Music]

1221
01:09:34,029 --> 01:09:41,989
[Applause]

1222
01:09:34,270 --> 01:09:41,989
[Music]

1223
01:09:44,090 --> 01:10:09,609
[Music]

1224
01:10:11,840 --> 01:10:15,960
On behalf of the Soviet Union, General

1225
01:10:13,480 --> 01:10:18,040
Rudenko presents Between the 3rd and 4th

1226
01:10:15,960 --> 01:10:19,800
charges. All the accused have

1227
01:10:18,040 --> 01:10:21,280
committed war crimes in Germany

1228
01:10:19,800 --> 01:10:23,440
and in all the countries occupied by

1229
01:10:21,280 --> 01:10:25,080
Germany. The Nazi conspirators

1230
01:10:23,440 --> 01:10:26,960
committed these crimes against the armies

1231
01:10:25,080 --> 01:10:28,960
adverse, towards the prisoners of

1232
01:10:26,960 --> 01:10:31,320
war, towards the civilians of the countries

1233
01:10:28,960 --> 01:10:33,440
busy. He claimed the doctrine

1234
01:10:31,320 --> 01:10:35,199
barbarian of total war and

1235
01:10:33,440 --> 01:10:37,040
considered releasing constraints of

1236
01:10:35,199 --> 01:10:40,040
international law or rules

1237
01:10:37,040 --> 01:10:42,080
applicable to war. Kaitel responds

1238
01:10:40,040 --> 01:10:43,560
: "We were concerned about the

1239
01:10:42,080 --> 01:10:45,280
destruction of an ideology. By

1240
01:10:43,560 --> 01:10:48,280
therefore, I approve and support

1241
01:10:45,280 --> 01:10:50,159
these measures. And later, during a

1242
01:10:48,280 --> 01:10:51,960
accountinterrogation, yesterday, your lawyer

1243
01:10:50,159 --> 01:10:55,760
showed you an order dated 16

1244
01:10:51,960 --> 01:10:57,280
December 1941. This order states it is

1245
01:10:55,760 --> 01:10:59,520
necessary to take measures

1246
01:10:57,280 --> 01:11:01,600
immediate and cruel. human life

1247
01:10:59,520 --> 01:11:03,320
the east is absolutely priceless. You

1248
01:11:01,600 --> 01:11:06,640
remember this order? Do you have it

1249
01:11:03,320 --> 01:11:06,640
signed?

1250
01:11:07,560 --> 01:11:12,199
Ordinance of 1941.

1251
01:11:10,320 --> 01:11:14,480
Act ruthlessly against

1252
01:11:12,199 --> 01:11:17,199
provocateurs, trespassers,

1253
01:11:14,480 --> 01:11:19,360
saboteurs, Jews, Bolsheviks

1254
01:11:17,199 --> 01:11:23,280
and ruthlessly destroy all

1255
01:11:19,360 --> 01:11:23,280
passive resistance or

1256
01:11:24,800 --> 01:11:28,920
active. What the Nazis call

1257
01:11:26,960 --> 01:11:32,920
Slavic subhumans must dig their

1258
01:11:28,920 --> 01:11:32,920
graves before being massacred.

1259
01:11:33,880 --> 01:11:50,100
[Music]

1260
01:11:51,000 --> 01:11:54,960
Atoorf, commander of one of the groups

1261
01:11:52,800 --> 01:11:58,880
special intervention, admits to having killed

1262
01:11:54,960 --> 01:12:01,400
90,000 men, women and children in one

1263
01:11:58,880 --> 01:12:03,719
year. The largest anti-Semitic massacre

1264
01:12:01,400 --> 01:12:04,600
place at Bulletin Board. He inhaled his glasses

1265
01:12:03,719 --> 01:12:07,239
to

1266
01:12:04,600 --> 01:12:08,920
Echuvenko. Il na babillard sur tant et

1267
01:12:07,239 --> 01:12:12,000
tant de tombes, pas d'autres monuments

1268
01:12:08,920 --> 01:12:13,960
than this sad ravine. I'm afraid. What

1269
01:12:12,000 --> 01:12:17,880
poids ici sur mes épaules tombe au

1270
01:12:13,960 --> 01:12:17,880
Jewish people? Really, I'm your age

1271
01:12:18,520 --> 01:12:23,360
suddenly. Les groupes spéciaux allemands

1272
01:12:20,920 --> 01:12:25,199
organisent un concours de photographie.

1273
01:12:23,360 --> 01:12:27,120
Il s'agit au cours d'une exécution de

1274
01:12:25,199 --> 01:12:31,800
fixer le visage de celui ou de celle qui

1275
01:12:27,120 --> 01:12:31,800
va mourir juste avant l'instant fatal.

1276
01:12:36,740 --> 01:12:47,320
[Music]

1277
01:12:45,639 --> 01:12:49,090
Ce cliché fut considéré comme l'une des

1278
01:12:47,320 --> 01:12:53,449
best photographs

1279
01:12:49,090 --> 01:12:53,449
[Music]

1280
01:12:54,600 --> 01:12:58,080
successful. General Rodenko continues

1281
01:12:57,000 --> 01:13:00,560
sound

1282
01:12:58,080 --> 01:13:02,199
indictment. The most terrible remains.

1283
01:13:00,560 --> 01:13:03,920
The concentration camps which since the

1284
01:13:02,199 --> 01:13:06,199
at the beginning constituted the absolute weapon of

1285
01:13:03,920 --> 01:13:07,679
accused against all opposition. The

1286
01:13:06,199 --> 01:13:10,239
German anti-Nazis were the first

1287
01:13:07,679 --> 01:13:12,800
victims. Then with the war, the number

1288
01:13:10,239 --> 01:13:15,239
of deportees increased and spread to

1289
01:13:12,800 --> 01:13:16,880
citizens of all the nations of Europe.

1290
01:13:15,239 --> 01:13:19,199
Their fate is described by a

1291
01:13:16,880 --> 01:13:22,239
accused. I ordered Auschwitz until

1292
01:13:19,199 --> 01:13:24,000
December 1, 1943 and I estimate at 2

1293
01:13:22,239 --> 01:13:27,360
million and a half at least the number of

1294
01:13:24,000 --> 01:13:28,920
victims executed by Gas and burned. In

1295
01:13:27,360 --> 01:13:30,400
fact, 3 million people died

1296
01:13:28,920 --> 01:13:32,000
at Auschwitz.

1297
01:13:30,400 --> 01:13:33,880
8 million died in the camps

1298
01:13:32,000 --> 01:13:37,639
concentration including 6 million

1299
01:13:33,880 --> 01:13:39,719
[Music]

1300
01:13:37,639 --> 01:13:42,679
Jews. One day, says an elder

1301
01:13:39,719 --> 01:13:45,280
deported, Primo Lévi, driven by thirst,

1302
01:13:42,679 --> 01:13:46,960
I detach a beautiful icicle from a window.

1303
01:13:45,280 --> 01:13:48,880
A big, fat guy in uniform

1304
01:13:46,960 --> 01:13:50,000
who was walking outside

1305
01:13:48,880 --> 01:13:52,360
snatch it

1306
01:13:50,000 --> 01:13:53,719
brutally. Varum, why do I say in

1307
01:13:52,360 --> 01:13:57,040
my hesitant German

1308
01:13:53,719 --> 01:13:59,620
? Varum, he replies, pushing me away.

1309
01:13:57,040 --> 01:14:12,100
Here there is no

1310
01:13:59,620 --> 01:14:17,740
[Music]

1311
01:14:12,100 --> 01:14:17,740
[Laughs]

1312
01:14:24,480 --> 01:14:28,080
why. To destroy a man is

1313
01:14:26,280 --> 01:14:30,400
difficult, writes Primo Léevi again,

1314
01:14:28,080 --> 01:14:32,639
almost as much as creating it. This has no

1315
01:14:30,400 --> 01:14:34,679
was neither easy nor quick, but here you are

1316
01:14:32,639 --> 01:14:37,440
arrived. You have nothing more to fear

1317
01:14:34,679 --> 01:14:42,199
from us, neither act of revolt, nor word

1318
01:14:37,440 --> 01:14:42,199
defiance, nor even a look that

1319
01:14:48,560 --> 01:14:53,040
judge. In the name of the French Republic,

1320
01:14:51,480 --> 01:14:55,360
Mr. Deanton presents the latest

1321
01:14:53,040 --> 01:14:56,800
charges.

1322
01:14:55,360 --> 01:14:59,239
All defendants committed crimes

1323
01:14:56,800 --> 01:15:01,320
against humanity and in particular

1324
01:14:59,239 --> 01:15:03,440
convicted of murder,

1325
01:15:01,320 --> 01:15:05,840
torture and persecution against

1326
01:15:03,440 --> 01:15:08,120
opponents of the Nazi Party, as well as

1327
01:15:05,840 --> 01:15:10,120
enslavement, deportation and

1328
01:15:08,120 --> 01:15:12,360
exploitation of populations

1329
01:15:10,120 --> 01:15:13,760
civil. Additionally, they are responsible

1330
01:15:12,360 --> 01:15:15,880
to have developed programs

1331
01:15:13,760 --> 01:15:18,080
inhumane acts directed against old people

1332
01:15:15,880 --> 01:15:20,159
and mentally ill and having

1333
01:15:18,080 --> 01:15:21,760
used humans as cobail

1334
01:15:20,159 --> 01:15:24,320
for so-called experiments

1335
01:15:21,760 --> 01:15:24,320
scientists.

1336
01:15:25,270 --> 01:15:36,939
[Music]

1337
01:15:39,300 --> 01:15:43,229
[Music]

1338
01:15:45,850 --> 01:15:50,810
[Music]

1339
01:15:56,620 --> 01:16:14,239
[Music]

1340
01:16:12,199 --> 01:16:16,120
Little by little, the Nazis were approaching

1341
01:16:14,239 --> 01:16:17,760
what they called the final solution,

1342
01:16:16,120 --> 01:16:20,040
the total extermination of the Jews

1343
01:16:17,760 --> 01:16:20,960
of Europe. The process is described as follows:

1344
01:16:20,040 --> 01:16:23,360
by a

1345
01:16:20,960 --> 01:16:25,480
witness. We had two SS doctors at

1346
01:16:23,360 --> 01:16:27,360
Auschwitz who examined the new

1347
01:16:25,480 --> 01:16:28,880
arrivals. The prisoners passed

1348
01:16:27,360 --> 01:16:30,639
in front of one of his doctors who was taking

1349
01:16:28,880 --> 01:16:32,520
then very quickly

1350
01:16:30,639 --> 01:16:34,360
decision. Those who could work

1351
01:16:32,520 --> 01:16:35,719
were sent to the camp. The others

1352
01:16:34,360 --> 01:16:37,960
were immediately sent to the camp

1353
01:16:35,719 --> 01:16:40,480
of extermination. Young children

1354
01:16:37,960 --> 01:16:41,880
étaient invariablement exterminés car en

1355
01:16:40,480 --> 01:16:44,480
raison de leur âge, ils étaient

1356
01:16:41,880 --> 01:16:44,480
incapable of

1357
01:16:46,050 --> 01:16:54,000
[Music]

1358
01:16:52,199 --> 01:16:55,719
work. Kill people in

1359
01:16:54,000 --> 01:16:57,880
chambres à gaz prenaient de 3 à 15

1360
01:16:55,719 --> 01:16:59,679
minutes suivant les conditions

1361
01:16:57,880 --> 01:17:01,040
climatic. We knew that everyone

1362
01:16:59,679 --> 01:17:03,000
world was dead when we

1363
01:17:01,040 --> 01:17:04,400
we heard no more cries. We

1364
01:17:03,000 --> 01:17:05,880
attendions en général une demi-heure

1365
01:17:04,400 --> 01:17:08,199
avant d'ouvrir les portes et de sortir

1366
01:17:05,880 --> 01:17:08,199
the bodies.

1367
01:17:10,690 --> 01:17:57,340
[Music]

1368
01:17:55,200 --> 01:18:04,489
[Applause]

1369
01:17:57,340 --> 01:18:04,489
[Music]

1370
01:18:06,190 --> 01:18:17,620
[Applause]

1371
01:18:21,010 --> 01:18:29,729
[Music]

1372
01:18:33,070 --> 01:18:37,149
[Music]

1373
01:18:42,080 --> 01:18:46,000
All the documents you have come

1374
01:18:44,120 --> 01:18:47,480
to see was projected in the enclosure of the

1375
01:18:46,000 --> 01:18:49,600
court during the

1376
01:18:47,480 --> 01:18:52,440
trial. The accused reacted as

1377
01:18:49,600 --> 01:18:52,440
if they discovered the

1378
01:18:59,400 --> 01:19:04,080
facts. The defense begins.

1379
01:19:02,320 --> 01:19:06,560
Each defendant personally chose

1380
01:19:04,080 --> 01:19:06,560
his or hers

1381
01:19:08,840 --> 01:19:13,239
lawyers. Calton Brunner is the subject

1382
01:19:10,840 --> 01:19:13,239
of an account

1383
01:19:19,600 --> 01:19:23,600
interrogation. You are accused of having

1384
01:19:21,440 --> 01:19:25,880
created Mountainusen, to have inspected and

1385
01:19:23,600 --> 01:19:27,600
visited this camp regularly. The witness,

1386
01:19:25,880 --> 01:19:29,320
Mr. Rel, testified to having seen you

1387
01:19:27,600 --> 01:19:31,000
in this camp and even saw you

1388
01:19:29,320 --> 01:19:34,080
inspect the gas chambers. while

1389
01:19:31,000 --> 01:19:34,080
these gas chambers were in

1390
01:19:35,679 --> 01:19:40,800
operation. This testimony is

1391
01:19:38,600 --> 01:19:42,719
false. Each concentration camp including

1392
01:19:40,800 --> 01:19:45,120
I have absolutely no idea anything was created

1393
01:19:42,719 --> 01:19:49,040
by Himler. Then it's around Julius

1394
01:19:45,120 --> 01:19:49,040
Sticher to be cross-examined.

1395
01:19:55,920 --> 01:20:00,199
It was claimed by the Kimler prosecution

1396
01:19:58,280 --> 01:20:02,760
and Calton Broner wouldn't have had anyone

1397
01:20:00,199 --> 01:20:04,239
to carry out their orders to kill if

1398
01:20:02,760 --> 01:20:06,679
you hadn't done in your press

1399
01:20:04,239 --> 01:20:08,199
this propaganda and if in your press

1400
01:20:06,679 --> 01:20:11,040
you had not directed the education of

1401
01:20:08,199 --> 01:20:11,040
German people in this

1402
01:20:12,760 --> 01:20:16,639
sense. I don't believe that those to whom

1403
01:20:14,920 --> 01:20:18,600
Hitler had given the order to perpetrate

1404
01:20:16,639 --> 01:20:21,920
the massacres are done because of my

1405
01:20:18,600 --> 01:20:24,679
newspapers. Hitler Minec's book

1406
01:20:21,920 --> 01:20:26,800
existed and this is the content of this book

1407
01:20:24,679 --> 01:20:29,679
which was the cause of everything. Then it's

1408
01:20:26,800 --> 01:20:31,639
around Alfred Rosenberg to be

1409
01:20:29,679 --> 01:20:34,000
cross-examined. Does your department have

1410
01:20:31,639 --> 01:20:35,800
forced people to abandon their homes,

1411
01:20:34,000 --> 01:20:37,120
to go to Germany and work

1412
01:20:35,800 --> 01:20:40,679
for the Germans

1413
01:20:37,120 --> 01:20:42,400
? It is true that force was used

1414
01:20:40,679 --> 01:20:46,000
and it is undeniable that terrible

1415
01:20:42,400 --> 01:20:46,000
abuses were committed.

1416
01:20:46,320 --> 01:20:50,639
It's finally around Gering to be

1417
01:20:47,639 --> 01:20:50,639
questioned.

1418
01:20:52,920 --> 01:20:56,400
At the end of the meeting, you have

1419
01:20:54,320 --> 01:20:57,679
used those words, didn't you? The

1420
01:20:56,400 --> 01:20:59,719
German Jews must pay as

1421
01:20:57,679 --> 01:21:01,120
sanction a billion brands. Thus,

1422
01:20:59,719 --> 01:21:04,280
these pigs will no longer be able to commit

1423
01:21:01,120 --> 01:21:04,280
of crime.

1424
01:21:04,639 --> 01:21:08,920
Yes. Do you continue to assert that neither

1425
01:21:07,000 --> 01:21:10,400
neither you nor Hitler were aware of the

1426
01:21:08,920 --> 01:21:13,679
policy carried out to exterminate the

1427
01:21:10,400 --> 01:21:13,679
Jews?

1428
01:21:19,120 --> 01:21:22,400
I already said I didn't even know

1429
01:21:20,639 --> 01:21:23,840
approximately to what degree

1430
01:21:22,400 --> 01:21:25,880
was

1431
01:21:23,840 --> 01:21:27,159
past. You didn't know to what degree,

1432
01:21:25,880 --> 01:21:28,880
but you knew there was a

1433
01:21:27,159 --> 01:21:31,040
policy which tended towards extermination

1434
01:21:28,880 --> 01:21:31,040
of

1435
01:21:32,320 --> 01:21:37,600
Jews.

1436
01:21:33,840 --> 01:21:38,920
No no, not the liquidation of the Jews.

1437
01:21:37,600 --> 01:21:39,880
I only knew that certain crimes

1438
01:21:38,920 --> 01:21:42,120
had been

1439
01:21:39,880 --> 01:21:44,199
clerk. After months of interrogation

1440
01:21:42,120 --> 01:21:48,600
and hearing, certain accused did

1441
01:21:44,199 --> 01:21:48,600
statements to the court. So

1442
01:21:54,239 --> 01:21:59,120
Franck expressing here mesim the most

1443
01:21:56,760 --> 01:22:01,960
deep and following an experience of 5

1444
01:21:59,120 --> 01:22:03,360
months of trial, I would like to say this.

1445
01:22:01,960 --> 01:22:05,360
Now that I have a global view of

1446
01:22:03,360 --> 01:22:07,520
everything that was committed in an atrocious manner

1447
01:22:05,360 --> 01:22:10,520
and scary, I feel terribly

1448
01:22:07,520 --> 01:22:10,520
guilty.

1449
01:22:14,719 --> 01:22:17,440
In Varsoville, the Germans nicknamed

1450
01:22:16,159 --> 01:22:19,719
his children

1451
01:22:17,440 --> 01:22:21,440
rats. They escaped from the ghetto to

1452
01:22:19,719 --> 01:22:24,560
find something to refuel their

1453
01:22:21,440 --> 01:22:25,920
family. Hidden outside, the

1454
01:22:24,560 --> 01:22:28,080
Governor Franck and his guests

1455
01:22:25,920 --> 01:22:32,560
played to shoot them down as they left

1456
01:22:28,080 --> 01:22:32,560
table. They called it hunting

1457
01:22:34,040 --> 01:22:40,639
rank. Marshal Vilhelm Kaitel

1458
01:22:36,679 --> 01:22:40,639
in turn addresses the court.

1459
01:22:48,199 --> 01:22:52,639
I heard that I haven't been

1460
01:22:49,719 --> 01:22:57,400
able to avoid what should have been

1461
01:22:52,639 --> 01:22:57,400
avoided. This is what I am guilty of.

1462
01:22:57,920 --> 01:23:02,960
We can only hope for the glow of

1463
01:23:00,040 --> 01:23:05,560
causes, disastrous methods and

1464
01:23:02,960 --> 01:23:07,280
terrible consequences of this war

1465
01:23:05,560 --> 01:23:10,120
that will arise for the German people the

1466
01:23:07,280 --> 01:23:12,880
new hope for a better future in

1467
01:23:10,120 --> 01:23:12,880
the community of

1468
01:23:13,280 --> 01:23:18,840
nations. The last defendant to speak is

1469
01:23:15,840 --> 01:23:18,840
Hansfrit.

1470
01:23:21,679 --> 01:23:24,920
All of you who accuse us were not expecting

1471
01:23:23,280 --> 01:23:26,480
nothing good from Hitler and you are

1472
01:23:24,920 --> 01:23:29,000
collapsed by the horror of what happened

1473
01:23:26,480 --> 01:23:30,800
really passed. But then, try to

1474
01:23:29,000 --> 01:23:32,080
understand the indignation of those who

1475
01:23:30,800 --> 01:23:35,000
were waiting for something good

1476
01:23:32,080 --> 01:23:38,480
of Hitler and who were betrayed. I am

1477
01:23:35,000 --> 01:23:38,480
one of them.

1478
01:24:03,940 --> 01:24:07,970
[Music]

1479
01:24:13,520 --> 01:24:19,080
On behalf of the United States of America, the

1480
01:24:15,320 --> 01:24:19,080
Judge Jackson summarizes the

1481
01:24:21,280 --> 01:24:26,320
debates. According to the testimony of each

1482
01:24:23,639 --> 01:24:28,560
of the accused, these men saw nothing,

1483
01:24:26,320 --> 01:24:29,520
said nothing and nothing was revealed

1484
01:24:28,560 --> 01:24:31,560
in their

1485
01:24:29,520 --> 01:24:33,719
presence. If we put end to end

1486
01:24:31,560 --> 01:24:35,360
all the statements of the accused, he

1487
01:24:33,719 --> 01:24:37,639
emerges a ridiculous portrait of

1488
01:24:35,360 --> 01:24:39,159
Hitler's government.

1489
01:24:37,639 --> 01:24:41,800
This government was composed of a

1490
01:24:39,159 --> 01:24:43,320
man, the number 2 of the party, who has

1491
01:24:41,800 --> 01:24:45,520
never suspected anything about the program

1492
01:24:43,320 --> 01:24:48,760
extermination of the Jews. Although he

1493
01:24:45,520 --> 01:24:48,760
signed numerous decrees

1494
01:24:48,880 --> 01:24:52,880
anti-Semites. Of a number 3 which was not

1495
01:24:51,320 --> 01:24:55,159
just an average German

1496
01:24:52,880 --> 01:24:57,159
innocent merely transmitting the

1497
01:24:55,159 --> 01:24:59,800
Hitler's orders without ever reading them

1498
01:24:57,159 --> 01:25:01,719
like a postman or

1499
01:24:59,800 --> 01:25:04,119
courier. From a business minister

1500
01:25:01,719 --> 01:25:05,320
foreigners unaware of the files and very

1501
01:25:04,119 --> 01:25:08,480
little aware of the decisions of

1502
01:25:05,320 --> 01:25:08,480
foreign policy.

1503
01:25:10,159 --> 01:25:13,400
of a marshal who gave orders to the

1504
01:25:11,719 --> 01:25:14,800
armed forces but who did not have

1505
01:25:13,400 --> 01:25:17,400
absolutely no idea of their

1506
01:25:14,800 --> 01:25:17,400
results in

1507
01:25:17,960 --> 01:25:22,199
practice of a security chief who

1508
01:25:20,400 --> 01:25:24,719
imagined that police functions

1509
01:25:22,199 --> 01:25:27,159
of his guestapo and the SD were limited to

1510
01:25:24,719 --> 01:25:27,159
direct the

1511
01:25:27,639 --> 01:25:31,560
circulation of a party ideologue who

1512
01:25:29,960 --> 01:25:33,159
had no idea of the violence that

1513
01:25:31,560 --> 01:25:36,719
his philosophy could generate

1514
01:25:33,159 --> 01:25:36,719
full 20th century.

1515
01:25:38,760 --> 01:25:41,800
of an interior minister who does not

1516
01:25:40,360 --> 01:25:43,920
didn't even know what was going on

1517
01:25:41,800 --> 01:25:45,920
his own office, much less at

1518
01:25:43,920 --> 01:25:48,920
inside his own ministry and

1519
01:25:45,920 --> 01:25:48,920
nothing at all inside

1520
01:25:49,280 --> 01:25:53,840
Germany, a bank president

1521
01:25:51,440 --> 01:25:55,719
of the Reich who was totally ignorant of

1522
01:25:53,840 --> 01:25:59,280
what came in and out of the chests

1523
01:25:55,719 --> 01:25:59,280
from his bank. Okay.

1524
01:25:59,930 --> 01:26:03,100
[Music]

1525
01:26:06,300 --> 01:26:09,409
[Music]

1526
01:26:15,510 --> 01:26:19,129
[Music]

1527
01:26:19,560 --> 01:26:24,600
October 1

1528
01:26:21,239 --> 01:26:27,440
1946, the verdict handed down by the court

1529
01:26:24,600 --> 01:26:27,440
elected and read by the president

1530
01:26:29,040 --> 01:26:35,679
Lawrence Herman Herman Gering death by

1531
01:26:33,280 --> 01:26:35,679
hanging

1532
01:26:36,360 --> 01:26:44,280
Rudolp Hess imprisonment in

1533
01:26:39,600 --> 01:26:48,639
perpetuity. Joakim van Rentrop died by

1534
01:26:44,280 --> 01:26:53,639
hanging. Wilhelmitel died by

1535
01:26:48,639 --> 01:26:53,639
hanging. Halton Bruner died by

1536
01:26:54,719 --> 01:27:02,159
hanging. Alfred Rosenberg died by

1537
01:26:59,480 --> 01:27:05,040
hanging. Hans Frank died by

1538
01:27:02,159 --> 01:27:05,040
hanging.

1539
01:27:05,239 --> 01:27:13,480
Vilhelm Frick died by

1540
01:27:08,639 --> 01:27:13,480
hanging Julius Streicher dead by

1541
01:27:13,760 --> 01:27:21,840
hanging Fritzel dead by

1542
01:27:18,400 --> 01:27:25,920
hanging Alfred Yodel death by

1543
01:27:21,840 --> 01:27:30,560
hanging Arthur Singart death by

1544
01:27:25,920 --> 01:27:33,520
hanging Walter Funk imprisonment at

1545
01:27:30,560 --> 01:27:34,679
life sentence Baldor Fonchir

1546
01:27:33,520 --> 01:27:39,320
20 years

1547
01:27:34,679 --> 01:27:41,520
of imprisonment. Albert Sper 20 years old

1548
01:27:39,320 --> 01:27:44,800
of imprisonment Martin Borman tried by

1549
01:27:41,520 --> 01:27:44,800
Contumas death by

1550
01:27:45,400 --> 01:27:51,000
hanging. By committing suicide, Herman Ging

1551
01:27:48,119 --> 01:27:52,880
escaped the verdict of the court of

1552
01:27:51,000 --> 01:27:55,400
[Music]

1553
01:27:52,880 --> 01:27:58,480
Nurbert. October 16

1554
01:27:55,400 --> 01:27:59,960
1946, three scaffolds hung in black

1555
01:27:58,480 --> 01:28:03,060
were trained in the gymnasium of the

1556
01:27:59,960 --> 01:28:09,370
Schpendar prison.

1557
01:28:03,060 --> 01:28:09,370
[Music]

1558
01:28:14,840 --> 01:28:19,239
20 years after the fall of Berlin in the

1559
01:28:17,199 --> 01:28:22,239
largest theater in the city the Folks

1560
01:28:19,239 --> 01:28:24,920
Bunet, we're playing a play by Peter Vice

1561
01:28:22,239 --> 01:28:28,080
directed by Ervin Piscator investigation

1562
01:28:24,920 --> 01:28:28,080
on Auschwitz.

1563
01:28:29,480 --> 01:28:36,880
Jede Telegraphistin an der diebefehle

1564
01:28:32,639 --> 01:28:39,560
vorbeiliefen wusste davon jeder einzelne

1565
01:28:36,880 --> 01:28:43,560
in 100,000 amstellen die mit den

1566
01:28:39,560 --> 01:28:45,800
Actions may be taken without warning.

1567
01:28:43,560 --> 01:28:45,800
are

1568
01:28:47,280 --> 01:28:51,760
ging every dail every telegraph operator

1569
01:28:50,520 --> 01:28:55,119
into whose hands the

1570
01:28:51,760 --> 01:28:57,239
deportation orders were

1571
01:28:55,119 --> 01:28:58,920
running each man placed at one of the

1572
01:28:57,239 --> 01:29:01,040
thousands of administrative positions including

1573
01:28:58,920 --> 01:29:03,400
depended on the final solution

1574
01:29:01,040 --> 01:29:05,560
what he was returning to. Each driver of

1575
01:29:03,400 --> 01:29:07,040
train, each switchman, each employee

1576
01:29:05,560 --> 01:29:08,760
of the railway which had to take care

1577
01:29:07,040 --> 01:29:12,280
of the loading of the men were at

1578
01:29:08,760 --> 01:29:14,520
running and everyone in their place knew

1579
01:29:12,280 --> 01:29:18,440
exactly what needed to be done to

1580
01:29:14,520 --> 01:29:18,440
the proper functioning of the whole.

1581
01:29:19,100 --> 01:29:35,699
[Music]